Indonesia Defense University

Synthetic dyes, such as erythrosine, which may be carcinogenic, are frequently used in conventional disclosing solutions. Natural pigments found in secang wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.), such as brazilin and anthocyanins, provide a safer and more natural option for plaque visualization. The purpose of this study was to create and test a disclosing solution using a standardized secang wood extract. Secang heartwood was extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol and standardized according to the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. The Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (FHI) was used to standardize the extract for both non-specific parameters (specific gravity and moisture content) and particular parameters (water-soluble and ethanol-soluble extractives). Qualitative and quantitative anthocyanin testing and phytochemical screening were performed. Sprague Dawley rats were used to test for acute oral toxicity. Three formulations containing 2.5%, 3%, and 3.5% extract were prepared and tested using an in vitro Streptococcus mutans biofilm tooth model. The extract yield was 14.744%, which meets the FHI standards (?8.1%). The qualitative anthocyanin test was positive, with a total anthocyanin content of 20.372 mg/L. The extract was classified as practically non-toxic, with an LD?? > 5000 mg/kg body weight. Initial in vivo testing on prepared teeth incubated with Streptococcus mutans showed that plaque visualization with all three formulations was not optimal, indicating the need for further formulation optimization. Formulation F2 (3%) achieved a 25% higher staining intensity than F1 and F3 (p < 0.05) but was still 30% lower than erythrosine ...

World War II marked a critical turning point in the development of military medical laboratories, transforming them from purely clinical support units into strategic elements of national defense systems. Operational pressures on the battlefield, high rates of infectious diseases, and the threat of biological weapons stimulated innovations such as field laboratories, rapid diagnostic methods, mass production of antibiotics, and military sanitation protocols. These historical lessons remain highly relevant in addressing contemporary health threats, making it essential to examine their implications for the readiness of the Medical Laboratory of RSPAD Gatot Soebroto as the primary military hospital of the Indonesian Army. This study aims to analyze the development of military medical laboratories during World War II and its implications for the readiness of laboratory infrastructure, medical human resources, and operational protocols at RSPAD. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, analysis of official documents, academic literature review, and observation, and examined using data triangulation. The analytical framework is based on the Military Health System, particularly the Clinical Readiness Program (CRP) and Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSA), supported by perspectives from defense studies and Historical Institutionalism. The findings indicate that World War II functioned as a critical juncture that shaped patterns of military medical laboratory readiness, subsequently adopted by RSPAD through strengthened laboratory infrastructure, enhanced medical personnel readiness, and the implementation of biosurveillance and outbreak response protocols. The study concludes that effective medical laboratory readiness can only be achieved through the integrated development of infrastructure, human resources, and operational protocols. It is recommended that RSPAD strengthen the sustained implementation of CRP and KSA while further developing mobile laboratory capabilities and expanding health defense cooperation.

The escalating geopolitical rivalry between major powers, particularly the United States and China, has profoundly reshaped the maritime security landscape of the Indo-Pacific region. Strategic sea lanes, such as the Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea, have become central arenas for this competition, creating a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environment with direct implications for regional stability. This study analyzes the impact of this great power competition on Indonesia's maritime security and formulates an optimal national strategy. Employing a qualitative approach, the research utilizes a SWOT analysis strengthened by Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) matrices. The findings reveal that Indonesia is positioned in Quadrant I of the SWOT matrix, indicating significant internal strengths and substantial external opportunities. Consequently, a Strength-Opportunity (SO) strategy emerges as the most optimal choice. This strategy advocates for Indonesia to leverage its geostrategic position and diplomatic capital to lead regional cooperation, enhance maritime domain awareness through technology, and pursue adaptive defense diplomacy, thereby maintaining the stability of strategic sea lanes amidst great power rivalry.

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan dengan harapan dapat menjadi sarana efektif dalam meningkatkan kesadaran sosial dan kesadaran lingkungan bagi masyarakat di Pantai Clara, Desa Gebang, Padang Cermin, Pesawaran, Lampung. Kondisi lingkungan yang dihadapkan dengan ancaman bencana alam menjadi tantangan bagi masyarakat sekitar. Kesadaran lingkungan tersebut tidak dapat berjalan maksimal tanpa adanya kesadaran sosial yang tinggi di lingkungan sosial masyarakat. Dalam upaya peningkatan kesadaran sosial, pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat diselenggarakan melalui proses bakti sosial dengan pemberian bantuan langsung yang diberikan kepada masyarakat sekitar. Pelaksanaan bakti sosial diharapkan dapat menjadi motivasi bagi masyarakat sekitar untuk meningkatkan empati dan simpati terhadap masyarakat, terutama masyarakat di Pantai Clara, Desa Gebang, Padang Cermin, Pesawaran, Lampung. Kesadaran sosial yang tinggi diharapkan dapat berdampak pada kesadaran lingkungan untuk melestarikan lingkungan alam di sekitar masyarakat sebagai tempat menjalani kehidupannya sehari-hari. Upaya peningkatan kesadaran lingkungan juga diimbaskan kepada masyarakat secara langsung. Dalam rangkaian bakti sosial, terdapat sesi sosialisasi untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan masyarakat terhadap ancaman bencana yang dapat berdampak pada lingkungan sekitar masyarakat. Sebagai implementasi peningkatan kesadaran lingkungan tersebut, tim juga melaksanakan penanaman mangrove di lokasi sekitar yang berpotensi terjadinya abrasi.

The Malacca Strait is a crucial maritime corridor that facilitates a significant portion of global trade, making its security paramount for economic stability in the region and beyond. This paper examines the various opportunities and threats associated with developing an integrated model of stakeholder collaboration designed to enhance marine security in the Strait. The significance of stakeholder collaboration is underscored, highlighting its potential to address complex maritime security challenges. The findings aim to provide insights for policymakers and stakeholders involved in maritime governance.

The increasing adoption of digital technologies in defense organizations has fundamentally transformed defense management practices and operational models. However, the effectiveness of technology-based defense management depends not only on advanced systems but also on the readiness of human resources to operate, adapt, and sustain these technologies. This study analyzes human resource readiness within technology-based defense management by examining key dimensions such as digital competence, adaptive capability, and organizational support. Using a qualitative literature-based analytical approach, this paper synthesizes recent scholarly findings to develop a conceptual framework for assessing readiness in defense institutions. The findings indicate that insufficient human resource readiness can undermine digital transformation initiatives despite substantial technological investment. This study contributes to defense management literature by highlighting the strategic role of human capital in ensuring successful technology integration and organizational resilience.

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a major health problem in East Java Province due to population density, sanitation, availability of medical personnel, and altitude. DHF count data often experiences overdispersion, challenging the Poisson regression assumption in the Generalized Linear Model (GLM). Objective: To compare the performance of Poisson, Negative Binomial (NBR), and Poisson Inverse Gaussian (PIG) ​​models in modeling DHF cases. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study analyzed 38 districts/cities in East Java (saturation sampling) using secondary data processed with . Analysis: Descriptive statistics, multicollinearity test (VIF<10), overdispersion test, and model comparison via AIC/deviance. Results: NBR achieved the lowest AIC (412.10) compared to Poisson (1466.60) and PIG (412.41), confirming significant overdispersion (deviance/df ≈37.16). Population density and altitude had a significant effect (p<0.05). Conclusion: NBR is optimal for DHF modeling, supporting targeted environmental and health interventions in East Java.

Burnout is a psychological condition characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased personal achievement, commonly experienced by medical students. Mindfulness, defined as awareness and acceptance of the present moment without judgment, has been increasingly studied as a strategy to reduce burnout. This narrative literature review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions in reducing burnout levels among medical students. Articles were collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar published between 2020 and 2025. Studies indicate that mindfulness-based programs, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and brief online mindfulness training, effectively reduce emotional exhaustion and improve psychological well-being. Mindfulness promotes self-regulation, decreases stress reactivity, and enhances empathy, which are essential for medical students’ mental health. In conclusion, mindfulness interventions show significant potential in alleviating burnout among medical students and should be considered as part of medical education curricula.

Pandemi COVID-19 menghadapkan sistem pertahanan nasional Indonesia pada krisis kesehatan global nirmiliter, menyoroti relevansi kritis dari konsep pertahanan semesta. Studi ini menganalisis implementasi pertahanan semesta dalam merespons pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada keterlibatan terpadu unsur militer, pemerintah sipil, dan masyarakat sipil. Menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan analisis dokumen, penelitian mengevaluasi efektivitas koordinasi multi-sektoral ini. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun strategi pertahanan semesta memungkinkan respons yang komprehensif namaun muncul tantangan dalam koordinasi antar-lembaga, hubungan sipil-militer, dan kepercayaan publik. Studi ini menggarisbawahi perlunya kerangka kerja pertahanan nasional yang adaptif dan terintegrasi untuk mengatasi ancaman kesehatan global di masa depan.