Industrieverband Feuerverzinken (Germany)

Summary The reprocessing of available AEM legacy data can represent a valid tool for Hydrogeology, as the AEM campaigns, usually carried out for mining, did not provide a detailed processing workflow, since most of the mining target are visible in the raw data or after a fast modelling. On the contrary, the resolution of resistivity structures with low contrast (as experienced in Hydrogeology) claims for a more advanced workflow. The amount of available AEM data is huge, especially in Australia and Canada, where there is a longer tradition of AEM application, but it can occur whereas any AEM prospect initially performed for mining, has become public. This means that theoretically we could exploit large dataset all over the World, in the areas surrounding the mining leases.

Abstract. The seismogenic depth and seismic coupling are important inputs into seismic hazard estimates. Although the importance of seismic coupling is often overlooked, it significantly impacts seismic hazard results. We present an estimation of upper and lower seismogenic depth and hypocentral depth and seismic coupling in the transition zone between the Alps, Dinarides and Pannonian Basin, characterized by complex deformation pattern, highly variable crustal thickness, and moderate seismic hazard, supporting the development of the 2021 seismic hazard model of Slovenia. We estimated the lower seismogenic depth using seismological and geological data and compared them. The seismological estimate was based on two regional earthquake catalogues prepared for this study. In the area source model, estimates of lower seismogenic depth from seismological data are deeper or equal to the ones derived from geological data, except in one case. In the fault source model, we analyzed each fault individually and chose seismological lower depth estimates in 12 among 89 faults as more representative. The seismogenic thickness for each individual fault source was determined for seismic coupling determination. The seismic coupling was assessed by two approaches, i.e. we chose the most trusted value from the literature, and the value determined for each fault individually by using the approach based on the updated regional fault and earthquake datasets. The final estimate of seismic coupling ranges from 0.77 to 0.38. We compared the tectonic moment rate based on long-term slip rate using different values of seismic coupling with the seismic moment rate obtained from the earthquake catalogue. The analysis is done for the whole area, as well as for the individual area zones. The analysis of N-S components of estimated slip for the largest faults in the area of west Slovenia shows that the regional geologic and geodetic shortening rates are comparable. The total activity rate of three global seismic source models is compared, which gives up to a 10 % difference. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the seismic activity in the region and the approach for seismic coupling estimation can be applied in other similar regions.

Abstract Open conduit volcanoes, of which Stromboli is an emblematic example, erupt with the highest frequency on Earth1. The activity at Stromboli is characterised by frequent small explosions intercalated by larger events that pose a significant risk to locals, tourists, and scientists2,3. Thus, identifying the signs of an impending larger explosion is of outmost importance for the mitigation of volcanic hazard. Here we show that the interaction between CO2-rich fluids and magma spontaneously leads to the accumulation of volatile-rich, low density and gravitationally unstable magma at depth, without the requirement of a permeability barrier4. CO2-flushing forces the exsolution of water and the increase of magma viscosity5, which proceeds from the bottom of the magma column upward. This rheological configuration unavoidably leads to the progressive thickening of a gas-rich and low density (i.e. gravitationally unstable) layer at the bottom of feeding system. Our calculations account for gas monitoring data and provide a base to trace the approach to deeply triggered large or paroxysmal eruptions and estimate their size from continuous gas monitoring data. The model we propose for Stromboli can be applied to any other open conduit volcano globally and offers a framework to anticipate the occurrence of unexpectedly large eruptions.

The Near Fault Observatories (NFOs) community is one of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS, http://www.epos-eu.org) Thematic Communities, today consisting of six research infrastructures that operate in regions characterised by high seismic hazard originating from different tectonic regimes. Earthquakes respond to complex natural systems whose mechanical properties evolve over time. Thus, in order to understand the multi-scale, physical/chemical processes responsible for the faulting that earthquakes occur on, it is required to consider phenomena that intersect different research fields, i.e., to put in place multidisciplinary monitoring. Hence, NFOs are grounded on modern and multidisciplinary infrastructures, collecting near fault high resolution raw data that allows generation of innovative scientific products. The NFOs usually complement regional backbone networks with a higher density distribution of seismic, geodetic, geochemical and other geophysical sensors, at surface and sometimes below grade. These dense and modern networks of multi-parametric sensors are sited at and around active faults, where moderate to large earthquakes have occurred in the past and are expected in the future. They continuously monitor the underlying Earth instability processes over a broad time interval. Data collected at each NFO results in an exceptionally high degree of knowledge of the geometry and parameters characterizing the local geological faults and their deformation pattern. The novel data produced by the NFO community is aggregated in EPOS and is made available to a diverse set of stakeholders through the NFO Federated Specific Data Gateway (FRIDGE). In the broader domain of the Solid Earth sciences, NFOs meet the growing expectations of the learning and communication sectors by hosting a large variety of scientific information about earthquakes as a natural phenomenon and a societal issue. It represents the EPOS concept and objective of aggregating and harmonising the European research infrastructures capabilities to facilitate broader scientific opportunity. The NFOs are at the cutting edge of network monitoring. They conduct multidisciplinary experiments for testing multi-sensor stations, as well as realise robust and ultra-low latency, transmission systems that can routinely accommodate temporary monitoring densification. The effort to continuously upgrade the technological efficiency of monitoring systems positions the NFO at the centre of marketing opportunities for the European enterprises devoted to new sensor technology. The NFOs constitute ideal test beds for generating expertise on data integration, creating tools for the next generation of multidisciplinary research, routine data analysis and data visualization. In particular focus is often on near-real time tools and triggering alarms at different levels are tested and implemented, strengthening the cooperation with the Agencies for risk management. NFOs have developed innovative operational actions such as the Testing Centre for Earthquake Early Warning and Source Characterisation (CREW) and detailed fast ground shaking and damage characterization. Complementing the recent growth of modern laboratory and computational models, the NFOs can provide interdisciplinary observations of comparable high resolution to describe the behaviour of fault slip over a vast range of spatial and temporal scales and aiding to provide more accurate earthquake hazard characterizations.

The European Plate Observing System (EPOS) is a distributed research infrastructure (RI) with the mission to establish and maintain sustainable and long-term access to solid Earth science data and services by integrating the diverse national research infrastructures under a common federated framework governed by EPOS ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium). This paper presents the EPOS approach to ensure financial viability and to tackle the challenge of long-term sustainability of the RI during its operational phase. The EPOS approach to sustainable operation considers the scientific impact and the promotion of scientific research as the preconditions to achieve long-term sustainability. Enabling scientific excellence implies that high-quality data and services are provided reliably and continuously to establish the RI as the enabler of investigations to solid Earth scientists. The strategic approach and the solutions adopted by EPOS ERIC to address the long-term sustainability of a pan-European distributed RI are discussed in this paper focusing on the governance structure, considered as the qualifying dimension that gathers and connects the financial, legal and technical dimensions. The governance and the financial models are discussed to delineate the legal framework necessary to operate the EPOS RI relying on the implemented technical solutions. A sufficiently stable investment environment is necessary to allow the RI to concentrate on providing high quality services for their user communities. This paper discusses the current actions and challenges to be addressed for achieving this goal.

Analisi di pericolosità da tsunami indotti da terremoti per il sito Versalis di Brindisi Studio svolto nell’ambito della convenzione per attività scientifica conto terzi commissionata da RINA Consulting S.p.A. all’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) avente per oggetto “la valutazione della pericolosità da tsunami su tre (3) siti Versalis di interesse industriale ubicati lungo le coste italiane, in particolare quelli di Priolo Gargallo, Porto Torres e Brindisi”.

<p>Analisi della direzione di propagazione della rottura  del mainshock della sequenza di Amatrice del 2016 mediante l'analisi dei rapporti spettrali</p> <p>Rupture directivity of the Amatrice 2016 mainshock  through the analysis of spectra ratio method</p>

Hydrological and hydrogeochemical observations (piezometry, chemistry, electric properties, etc.) carried out in groundwaters in Italy in the past 40 years have been recovered and processed. Available data time series recorded by government agencies, scientific institutions and independent researchers in the field of groundwater and geochemical monitoring in 5480 different sites have been recovered, systematized and processed. Meteorological data useful for data evaluation have been recovered too. Some possible precursors have been identified but the relatively high amount of earthquakes not preceded by hydrologic or geochemical anomalies suggest the need to consider all together geophysical and geochemical parameters for future researches. Highest amount of data collected by manual sampling were found in the Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna regions, while most of automatically recorded data were found in the Tuscany region.