Information and Communication Technology Agency

The production of green and economically attractive cyclic carbonates from CO2 as an alternative to the highly toxic and expensive method of phosgene gas is a well-established synthetic route in green chemistry. It is also consistent with achieving net-zero emissions and promoting 100% atom economy. This study presents the preparation and characterization of reusable ZnO@BD-g-C3N4 nanoplate catalysts (1–9), which feature abundant active sites and a dynamic oscillating active architecture and demonstrate a catalytic role in enhancing the fixation of CO2 to cyclic carbonates under ambient pressure conditions. The structure of the most active ZnO@BD-g-C3N4 nanoplate catalyst (1) was characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, UV–DR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM-EDS, TEM, XPS, and BET techniques. The ZnO@BD-g-C3N4 nanoplate catalyst (1) showed the best catalytic activity with 98% conversion for epichlorohydrin (ECH) and 99% selectivity toward epichlorohydrin carbonate (ECHC) under appropriate conditions (ambient pressure, 100 °C, 4 h) without the need for any solvent. The ZnO@BD-g-C3N4 nanoplate catalyst (1) has been successfully tested with various terminal and internal epoxides under the same reaction conditions. Additionally, the synergic effect of Lewis acidic active centers resulted in an efficiency of over 93% and a selectivity of about 99% without a significant decrease in catalytic activity during five consecutive reaction cycles in the recyclability test for the ZnO@BD-g-C3N4/PPNCl catalytic system. In addition, kinetic studies of this cycloaddition reaction revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first-order under similar conditions. The rate constant at 100 °C was 0.8684 h 1, and the activation energy was 45.16 ± 2 kJ/mol.

Resistant starch is known to reduce blood glucose levels. Analogue rice formulated from sago starch and red bean flour has been reported to contain high levels of resistant starch. This study evaluated the hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of such rice in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA). Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups with specific diets: a healthy control group (KS) fed standard feed, and diabetic groups fed standard feed (DSTD), boiled rice (DBMW), 100% sago starch-based analogue rice (DBS), or 90% sago starch and 10% red bean flour-based analogue rice (DBSKM). Interventions lasted 4 weeks, with weekly monitoring of blood glucose levels, biweekly assessment of insulin resistance via the HOMA-IR index, and final analysis of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in cecal digesta. An in-vitro glucose absorption assay using an inverted ileo-anal pouch was also conducted. The DBS group achieved the greatest blood glucose reduction (56%), while DBSKM showed the most significant improvement in insulin resistance, reducing the HOMA-IR index by 81%. Conversely, the DSTD group exhibited a 10% increase in the index. SCFA concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in DBS (133 mmol/L) and DBSKM (95 mmol/L) than DBMW (61 mmol/L). Glucose absorbability was significantly lower in DBS (13%) and DBSKM (16%) than DBMW (56%) (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the hypoglycemic effects and improved insulin sensitivity in rats fed the analogue rice were associated with increased SCFA production and reduced glucose absorption, likely due to the rice’s high resistant starch content.

Tropical tuna is a significant global commercial commodity, particularly in the Indian Ocean, where Indonesia ranks as the second largest producer. These resources not only support export markets but also contribute to food security in Indonesia. The development of tuna fisheries is closely linked to the use of fish aggregating devices (FADs), which enhance fishing effectiveness and efficiency. However, the use of FADs can also have negative impacts on the environment and resource sustainability. There are two types of FADs: drifting and anchored. Indonesia exclusively employs anchored FADs, which provide a theoretically manageable system due to their known locations. However, information regarding the number and density of Indonesian FADs is still limited. To address this gap, a structured interview approach was used. Indonesia's tuna fishery heavily relies on FADs, predominantly utilized by small-scale fishermen who operate a diverse fleet with various gear types and target species. FADs are privately owned by captains, vessel owners, companies, and fishing associations, complicating management efforts. While the number of FADs deployed by individual Indonesian vessels or groups is fewer than those of other IOTC region vessels, a direct comparison of magnitude is challenging due to the significantly larger number of vessels in the region. Additionally, Indonesian AFADs generally have a longer lifespan, reducing the risk of loss and subsequent marine debris. Interestingly, the number of FADs visited was not correlated with the duration of the fishing trip, indicating that vessels exploit specific FAD arrays and the same fishing areas all along the trip. The minimal awareness of supporting data among fishing stakeholders necessitates the combination of multiple data sources to provide a clearer picture of the information gaps for effective management. Furthermore, both the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) and the Government of Indonesia have issued several regulations regarding FADs, but implementation has been inadequate, underscoring the need for a community-based approach. These findings unveil the key importance of FADs for Indonesian artisanal and semi-industrial fishermen. Despite the complexity of the fishery, the quantitative metrics of FAD exploitation that emerge constitute the building blocks for better evaluating the impacts of FADs and developing management actions aiming at promoting their sustainable use.

Indonesia is committed to achieving Net Zero Emission (NZE) conditions by the year 2060, with policy adjustments and constraints being necessary to realize this goal. The aim of this study is to achieve NZE conditions using a least-cost optimization method for various power plants that rely on fossil and non-renewable energy sources, without specifying a target year. Two scenarios, Business as Usual (BAU) and NZE, were developed for comparison in the optimization analysis. Through the utilization of LEAP and NEMO software, the optimization results suggest that optimal NZE conditions in Indonesia could be attained by 2075, with solar-based electricity generation playing a crucial role in meeting basic electricity demands. The NZE scenario predicts a 28% rise in electricity demand by 2100 compared to the BAU scenario. In 2075, PV will contribute 32.8% (224.3 GW) to total power supply, while BESS will provide 198.8 GW according to the NZE scenario. This study aims to assist the Indonesian government and stakeholders in reaching the NZE goal, while maintaining current efforts to avoid new efficiency and financial challenges. Achieving this goal will involve using a cost-effective optimization approach and implementing energy-efficient technologies and conservation programs.

Machine Learning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence that predicts several naturally occurring events by training a model with some data and then using unseen data to test it. This paper seeks to analyze the performances of single and ensemble machine learning algorithms on the Cleveland Heart disease data set. Experimental study proves that the accuracy score and area under the ROC curve in the ensemble machine learning model is higher than the single machine learning model in predicting non-CVD and CVD patients.

In Referring to the government programs on the increasing speed of the Jakarta-Surabaya express train in 2017, problems arise in the field, namely the potential increase in freight transportation via the railway line where an increase in loading is required on the railway especially for the existing bridge. This Research was implemented by increasing of the loading of the standard PM 60/2012 bridge to be compared with the EN1991: 2/2003 standard. This research analyzed the increase in structural strength of the 30m span steel bridge of the BH 182 constructed in Operational Region 2 Bandung as a results of loading adjustment from PM 60/2012 to EN 1991:2/2003.This paper explained an effect caused by increasing load on railway bridges with similar span and materials on normal plane, shear plane, moment and deflection. Structural analysis and calculation was performed by means of SAP2000 software. Results of analysis showed that standard equalization of EN 1991:2/2003 caused increasing percentage of loading combination of Comb L, normal plane, shear plane, moment plane, and deflection are of 35%, 60%, 71%, and 31%, respectively. While for Comb R loading combination for normal plane, shear plane, moment plane, and deflection are of 30%, 64%, 71%, and 30%, respectively.

The flight test of N219 Amphibious aircraft will be targeted in 2003/2024. For flight tests, these aircraft need a seaplane dock. One of the potential locations for the seaplane dock is Panjang Island at Seribu Islands. This study aims to know the characteristic of hydrodynamic and wave conditions and to determine whether Panjang Island is suitable for the seaplane dock. This study uses a modeling method with MIKE 21 FM HD-SW module and MIKE 21 Boussinesq Wave (BW) module. The bathymetry data were obtained from the Indonesian Navy Hydrographic and Oceanographic Center (Pushidrosal), tide data is generated from Tide Model Driver (TMD), wave and wind data from ECMWF. The result of surface elevation validation between hydrodynamic modeling and TMD is 92%. During the west monsoon and spring conditions, the difference in the largest and lowest current velocity is quite large (0.018-0.199 m/s), on the other hand, when the tides are in neap conditions (0.008-0.144 m/s). Meanwhile, during the east monsoon and spring conditions, the difference in the largest and lowest current velocities is quite large (0.02-0.193 m/s), on the other hand, when the tides are in neap conditions (0.008-0.146 m/s). The maximum wave height resulting from the 50-year return period waveform modeling between 1.139 - 1.474 m. Meanwhile, the significant wave heights between 0.679 - 0.741 with a significant wave period of 13.45 seconds. In general, the current and wave conditions of the two locations are suitable for the construction of the seaplane dock, except that the dominant wave heights are still above the requirements.

The effect of using B20 palm oil biodiesel on rail locomotive fuel filters was evaluated in this study. The generator water separator filter, generator main filter and locomotive drive filter after being used along the filter replacement period were analyzed in laboratories and compared with new ones as reference. The analysis was using SEM/EDS, FTIR and GC. The FTIR and GC test results show that the fuel filter has a number of deposits from the components of biodiesel fuel, that are diesel and biodiesel. However, morphological test results using SEM show that the filter surface has not been completely covered by liquid and fuel deposits. The results of the tests and analysis indicated that the usage of 125 hours (for locomotive genset) and 3 months for locomotive drive engine with 20% palm biodiesel fuel can still guarantee the filtration to maintain the performance and prevent damage to fuel and engine system components.