Innotec (Italy)

The comparison between Prop. 2, 34, 91-92 and Virg. ecl. 10, 18 allows to argue that Gallus treated Adonis in his love elegy and that he used this character as an exemplum, in the same way of his future followers, in particular Propertius and Ovid. It is possible that he imitated Euphor. fr. 43 Pow., and for this reason we can try to reconstruct his relationship with the models and his freedom in in adapting them to the new elegiac poetry.

Abstract Scaling groups for hybrid steam-solvent recovery processes are presented in this paper. A brief discussion of the derivation of the scaling groups is given first. Then an examination of the comparative behavior of these scaling groups at different scales is provided using reservoir simulation for the example of a high solvent load steam-butane gravity drainage process (i.e., steam-butane hybrid (SBH)). Scaling groups were derived for hybrid steam-solvent recovery processes by inspectional analysis using governing equations for multi-phase flow in porous media. The effects of key mechanisms in these processes (diffusion, dispersion, advection and capillary pressure) were examined within the context of the derived scaling groups using reservoir simulation of SBH at three different geometric scales, ranging from the laboratory scale through a semi-field scale to the field scale, for one specific set of operating conditions. The scaling groups were used to analyse and interpret the numerical results. The scaling groups were characterized according to the physical mechanisms from which they were derived. The intent of this analysis was to determine which of the mechanisms tend to be most important to the SBH process at different geometric scales. It is clear from a cursory examination of the scaling groups that all of the scaling groups representing the behavior of the SBH process cannot be satisfied when the geometric scale is changed from the laboratory scale to the field scale. The results of the study also indicate that the Pujol and Boberg scaling criteria for thermal processes seem to provide a reasonable approach for scaling SBH, when they are adapted to include the effects of dispersion. The influence of capillary pressure was secondary to other mechanisms involved in the process. It was evident from the simulations that the influence of dispersion was much more pronounced than diffusion for the solvent loading that was considered. Further, it was found that mechanical dispersity must be scaled with length to scale this mechanism appropriately in the reservoir simulator that was used in this study (CMG STARS™). As a final observation, the influence of capillary pressure was secondary to other mechanisms involved in the process. Few studies on scaling high solvent loading hybrid steam-solvent processes have been undertaken. Using reservoir simulation to study scaling groups for these processes is a novel approach to this subject. Understanding the scalability of hybrid steam-solvent processes from the laboratory scale to the field scale would improve the capability of laboratory experiments to represent the performance of these recovery processes at the field scale.

The only way to make silicon photonics technology completely exploitable at industrial level for volume production is to solve the manufacturing bottlenecks that nowadays limit the applicability of the technology, in particular related to the multiple optical interconnection and the III-V chip integration. This paper will give a survey, based principally on the work made at Inphotec labs, on the problems and the challenges related to the optical interconnections to silicon photonic devices and their impact on process automation. It will give some update to what we are currently doing and developing in our labs utilizing a custom state of the art pigtailing-automated bench, robotics, including their present limitations.

The use of laser energy in material processing for boring, cutting and welding has been state of the art for many years [1]. The good focussing ability of the laser allows power densities that are hardly possible with conventional welding processes. Thus, the desired component processing can be carried out on a limited area with low overall power where component and material are subjected to minimum thermal loading. The laser build-up welding process which is particularly suited for low distortion applications, as well as materials that are difficult to weld using conventional methods, is explained in detail. Co2 laser, nd:yag laser and diode laser as established beam sources in laser material processing are compared with newer, innovative beam sources like the fiber laser and disk laser that have been developed in the recent years. Where the possible spectrum of use ranges from small parts to large components weighing tons, the need for a universal handling system is discussed together with laser safety issues. Several industrial applications for laser build-up welding are presented.

As far as corrosion is concerned, titanium and its alloys belong to the large group of oxide-passivated metals that includes - in particular - the stainless steels, as well as nickel, cobalt and aluminium-based alloys. However, titanium has a special position within this group. Unlike nearly all other materials, titanium can corrode either very quickly or extremely slowly, depending on the environmental conditions. Therefore, the general rule which states that corrosion behavior should never be considered a material property is particularly important for titanium; whereas the melting point, electrical conductivity, modulus of elasticity etc. are typical material properties, corrosion is a system property of materials and media as the following examples for silver and titanium show.

A theory of wavelet packets is developed for nonlinear operators consisting of a composition, generalizing a sigmoidal operation, followed by convolutions with filter pairs H₀ and H₁. The pyramidal wavelet packet structure is defined by bit reversal trees. The reconstruction theorem, from which the original signal is obtained from frequency localized data at other nodes of the three, requires fixed point theory as well as conditions on H₀ and H₁ resembling those defining quadrature mirror filter pairs. Applications will be to biological systems and neural networks where such nonlinearities occur.