Innovation Performance (Norway)

Abstract QuestionsWe investigated the importance of climate and herbivory on native and alien conifer colonization of the birch‐dominated Fennoscandian tree line by addressing the following questions: (a) are tree line and tundra habitats similarly suitable for conifer seedling recruitment; (b) do ungulate and rodent herbivores differentially impact seedling recruitment; and (c) how does the role of habitat and herbivory on seedling recruitment vary across a marked climate gradient?LocationNorthern Fennoscandia, Sweden (Vassijaure and Paddus), and Norway (Joatka and Seiland).MethodsWe conducted an experiment to assess the emergence rate, survival probability and height development of Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) seedlings. Three experimental plots (i.e., open control, reindeer exclosure and complete vertebrate exclosure) were established in both tree line and tundra habitats at each of the four locations. Seeds of the three conifer species were sown in each plot in June 1999 during three consecutive years. The surviving seedlings were counted in August to September 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2007. The height of all seedlings was measured in 2007.ResultsOur study reveals that Norway spruce, Scots pine and Siberian larch can regenerate from seed at and above the current tree line in northern Fennoscandia. Their performance was generally higher above tree line in tundra than at tree line, but depended on species identity, climate aridity and mammal herbivory, particularly by rodents. These results suggest that the species composition and latitudinal limit of the tree line in the future might depend not only on direct effects of the future climate on the current tree line species, but also on the intensity of alien and native conifer introductions, as well as changes in herbivore populations.ConclusionIf sufficient seeds of Norway spruce, Scots pine and Siberian larch should reach the current tree line, their performances will increase with a warmer and wetter climate, and this effect will be markedly modulated by herbivores (particularly rodents). Further work is required to extend these results to determine the ability of these conifers to become tree line‐forming species in the future.

September 01 2015 Bodies on the Line: Performance and the Sixties Poetry Reading Bodies on the Line: Performance and the Sixties Poetry Reading. By RaphaelAllison. (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2014. Pp. xx, 250. $49.95 cloth; $49.95 e-book.) Christopher Grobe Christopher Grobe Christopher Grobe is Assistant Professor of English at Amherst College, where he teaches mostly drama and performance studies. His own work on poetry performance has appeared in PMLA, and it will soon appear also in his monograph on confessional performance across the arts, Performing Confession: Robert Lowell to Reality TV. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Christopher Grobe Christopher Grobe is Assistant Professor of English at Amherst College, where he teaches mostly drama and performance studies. His own work on poetry performance has appeared in PMLA, and it will soon appear also in his monograph on confessional performance across the arts, Performing Confession: Robert Lowell to Reality TV. Online Issn: 1937-2213 Print Issn: 0028-4866 © 2015 by The New England Quarterly2015Massachusetts Institute of Technology The New England Quarterly (2015) 88 (3): 532–534. https://doi.org/10.1162/TNEQ_r_00479 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Christopher Grobe; Bodies on the Line: Performance and the Sixties Poetry Reading. The New England Quarterly 2015; 88 (3): 532–534. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/TNEQ_r_00479 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsThe New England Quarterly Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2015 by The New England Quarterly2015Massachusetts Institute of Technology Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Abstract This chapter shows that ecotourism is a non-existent phenomenon in Norway, at least in terms of an intended business activity. There are different reasons for this, even though the traditionally close relationship of Norwegians with nature is the most important one. Nature is the core element of national identity, and the discursive space for ecotourism had already been occupied. Nevertheless, Norwegian tourism operators have many of the characteristics of ecotourism, and the country might be as good an ecotourism destination as those with a strong ecotourism profile. In presenting the case of Svalbard, tourism-related development processes in an environmentally conscious destination are evaluated.