Innovation Strategies (Spain)

Identification of potential disruptive technologies is crucial for formulating science, technology, and innovation policies. Existing studies not only exhibit limitations in semantic analysis and multi-dimensional relationship modeling but also fail to incorporate external influences such as policy, market, and social factors. To address these limitations, a large language model (LLM) is employed to extract sentence-level technical directions from heterogeneous scientific texts for topic modeling with BERTopic. Subsequently, multiple co-occurring themes within individual documents are synthesized with themes extracted from their respective citing literature to construct hyperedges, thereby encapsulating the underlying mechanisms of knowledge recombination and evolutionary trajectories. Furthermore, tracking the evolution of dynamic hypergraphs across time slices facilitates the extraction of multidimensional signals, thereby enabling a more forward-looking and systematic detection of early-stage disruptive technology seeds. Finally, we leverage an LLM to architect a multi-agent system incorporating perspectives from technology, enterprises, policy, industry associations, and venture capital to simulate the inherent conflicts and potential coordination of evaluation criteria among different stakeholders, thereby filtering candidate technologies with the highest market development potential. Applying our framework to an empirical study on hydrogen energy, we identified three candidate technologies. These results were subsequently cross-validated through converging evidence from market trends (Google Trends) and expert literature, confirming the framework's scientific validity and practical utility. Our approach provides an interpretable and scalable paradigm for pinpointing disruptive technologies transcending the limits of traditional bibliometrics.

This analysis focuses on exploring key themes and sentiments on Twitter's public discourse in the context of COVID-19. The main analytical strategy in this piece of research has been a quantitative approach, adopted to provide an understanding of Twitter's public discourse and sentiments concerning COVID-19 during the different phases of the pandemic. The contextualization of the results, on the other hand, adopts a qualitative dimension, where the aim is to embed the quantitative results obtained from the main analysis in a review of the related work. Findings indicate that the study of topics discussed in online communities, as well as the analysis of sentiments and emotion's patterns of texts shared in social platforms; might be an important tool to measure and indicate public sentiments with regards to any specific topic in a near-to-real-time. Secondly, with a further understanding of the causal relationship between sentiment trends and topics, it could be possible to use social media monitoring activities to strategically design future communication campaigns for further promoting and encouraging preventive behaviour; whilst increasing health literacy. Additionally, social media monitoring activities could contribute to measure the social acceptance of new health instruments or measures.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the incidence rates and predictors of lower limb fractures in a general Japanese population.MethodsNIPPON DATA is a nationwide, long-term, prospective cohort study of individuals who participated in the National Cardiovascular Survey Japan and the National Nutrition Survey in 1990. Overall, 3,134 individuals (1,827 women, 1,307 men) who participated in follow-up assessments in 1995, 2000, and/or 2006 were included in the present analysis. The outcomes of this study were lower limb fractures (including proximal femur fractures).ResultsThe mean age at baseline was 63.8 years in women and 63.1 years in men. The average body mass index (BMI) was 23.3 kg/m2 in women and 22.9 kg/m2 in men. During a mean follow-up of 12.1 years, 271 total lower limb fractures were observed. In women, older age, lower BMI, and less intake of vegetables were associated with increased risks of proximal femur fractures. With regard to the outcome of total lower limb fractures, less intake of vegetables and regular exercise were significant predictors in women. Calcium intake was not significantly associated with proximal femur or total lower limb fractures. There were no significant predictors of proximal femur or total lower limb fractures in men, except for age.ConclusionsAging was a significant risk factor for proximal femur and total lower limb fractures in both men and women. With regard to modifiable risk factors, low BMI and low intake of vegetables were associated with increased risks of proximal femur and/or total lower limb fractures in the general population of Japanese women.

<i>The current pandemic has provided many examples of effective and not so effective communication strategies from government agencies. In this short article, the authors focus on an analysis of the COVID-19 crisis communication from selected governments of Spain and Poland. Despite the differences in communication strategies of both countries, resulting from characteristic administrative structures and constitutional competences, common features as well as errors and shortcomings can be observed. The authors conclude that the particularism of political interests of the party politicians, who were in power at the time of the pandemic outbreak (regardless of their political foundations) may be a threat to the national security of a given country undermining the public trust, causing unwanted behaviours and thus translating into an extent and a duration of the pandemic as well as negative economic consequences. The crisis of the virus turns out to be a test that highlights the shortcomings of the political and social systems of both countries and opens up the field for further research.</i>

The academic literature provides many models of the innovation process, often based on the ‘innovation funnel’. Experience from earlier research has shown that these models struggle to explicitly define innovation as a process at the strategic level, or provide ways to measure innovation effectiveness. (Frobisher, 2010). To address this gap, a strategic model of innovation was developed based on the IDEF0 methodology. Modelling innovation as a hierarchical, standardised process, conforming to the strict discipline of IDEF0 resulted in an improved understanding of the innovation process and enabled more robust measurement of the company wide impact of innovation support activities, in this research case measuring the benefits of adopting TRIZ tools.Since the original work, this strategic model of innovation has been applied to diverse fields including FMCG, Automotive, Chemicals, City Planning and Sustainability. Learning from these experiences has informed refinements to the model such that it now provides a coherent, top-level understanding of innovation as a strategic process. The key takeaway is that innovation is more than the introduction of new products and services, it is more closely aligned to business strategy. It enables an understanding of the importance of intangibles especially in the outputs of the innovation process. It also addresses the contradictions inherent in embedding sustainability within business and in society more widely. This paper describes the model and its practical application in framing Systematic Innovation programmes including TRIZ and TrenDNA. An example is provided, asking the strategic question - is the world really transitioning to electric vehicles, and if so, when? Keywords:Business Strategy, Electric Vehicles, IDEF0, Innovation Model, Sustainability, TRIZ

Abstract Background Mobile health applications (apps) are increasing in interest for enhancing patient self-management in rheumatology. However, few have been developed with the involvement of patients and health professionals and actually used by patients. Objective To develop and implement a mobile app for safety, self-assessment and medication adherence for patients with inflammatory arthritis treated with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and assess its real-life use. Methods A mixed qualitative-quantitative study including 42 and 344 patients, respectively, identified patients’ treatment practices and their use of health apps in general and their needs in terms of content and potential use. A multidisciplinary team including 7 rheumatologists, 3 patient association representatives and 4 members of a digital company developed the first version of the app with face-to-face meetings and patient feedback during the process. After the launch of the app, users’ feedback assessment included 7 patients and 3 rheumatologists. The number of app installations, current users, users’ requests and functionalities used were collected. Results Preliminary studies indicated numerous safety issues and needs for counselling, leading to the 6 functionalities of the app HIBOOT (OWL in English): a safety checklist before treatment administration, aid in daily life situations related to self-management and safety, treatment reminders, global well-being self-assessment, periodic counselling messages, and a diary to note comments and appointments. The app is free, with no personal data collection. The presentation is a friendly companion that interacts with the user. The content was based on the French recommendations for DMARD management, drug leaflets and public national health websites. HIBOOT was installed 20,500 times from 2017 to 2020, with 4300 regular current users and still increasing usage curves. The checklist, diary and queries on daily life situations were the most used functionalities. Overall, 18,000 requests were identified for information on safety or other patient matters over a 8-month period in 2020. Scores were 4.4/5 stars at Android and iOS stores. Conclusion HIBOOT is a free app for patients with inflammatory arthritis that was developed with a preliminary qualitative–quantitative study including patients during the process and has scientifically validated content. The number of current users is substantial. Future evaluation of the HIBOOT benefit is needed.

Cet article analyse les conditions dans lesquelles la valorisation de la recherche peut etre une opportunite pour les petites et moyennes universites. Nous presentons et discutons les indicateurs traditionnellement utilises pour evaluer cette activite et montrons qu'ils correspondent a une approche exclusivement centree sur la recherche, de surcroit menee dans un environnement favorable aux relations etroites entre universites et entreprises. Afin de tirer parti de cette troisieme mission, nous considerons, a partir du carre organique de la valorisation de la recherche, que cette activite doit etre envisagee de maniere plus systemique, en prenant en compte les interactions entre les missions d'enseignement et de recherche, ainsi qu'un ensemble de facteurs internes et externes permettant de souligner les marges d'actions possibles. Nous illustrons ainsi la strategie qui peut etre mis en oeuvre dans les etablissements moins dotes visant a construire des ecosystemes d'innovation favorables a l'attractivite, a partir de l'experience de l'Universite du Littoral Cote d'Opale.

Aim: To investigate associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence and treatment status of hypercholesterolemia in a general Japanese population.Methods: In 2010, we established a cohort study of 2417 adults (age 20–91 yr) from 300 randomly selected areas across Japan who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan. We cross-sectionally examined an association between SES and (1) prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in 2417 participants (999 men and 1418 women) and (2) not receiving medication for hypercholesterolemia in 654 participants (215 men and 439 women). SES included employment status, marital status, length of education, and household expenditures. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as a total serum cholesterol level of ≥ 6.21 mmol/L (240 mg/dL) or the use of lipid-lowering medications.Results: The overall prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 21.5% in men and 31.0% in women. In men, the lowest quintile of household expenditures was associated with a higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (28.3%) compared with the upper 4 quintiles (19.9%) (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–2.38). Among participants with hypercholesterolemia, 55.4% of men and 55.1% of women were not receiving medication. Unmarried men were more likely to be untreated (75.0%) than married men (50.9%) (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio 2.53; 95%CI 1.05–6.08). SES had no significant effects in women.Conclusion: In a general population of Japanese men, low household expenditures were associated with a higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, and unmarried men with hypercholesterolemia were less likely to receive medication.

BackgroundThis study investigated relationships among socioeconomic factors and participation in health examinations for Japanese National Health Insurance (NHI) using a representative Japanese population.MethodsWe used the linkage database of NIPPON DATA2010 and Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2010. Participants with NHI aged 40–74 years were included in the analysis. Prevalence ratios (PRs) for participation in health examinations in the past year were set as an outcome. Participant characteristics, including sex, age, socioeconomic factors (educational attainment, employment, equivalent household expenditure [EHE], house ownership, and marital status), laboratory measures, and lifestyle were included in an age-stratified modified Poisson regression analysis to examine relationships.ResultsThe number of study participants was 812, and 564 (69.5%) participated in health examinations in the past year. Among those aged 40–64 years, there was no significant PR for socioeconomic factors. Among those aged 65–74 years, high (≥13 years) educational attainment (adjusted PR, 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.41) and house ownership (PR 1.40; 95% CI, 1.11–1.77) were positively associated with participation, while high (4th quartile) EHE (PR 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73–0.97) was negatively associated.ConclusionThese results suggest that high educational attainment, house ownership, and low EHE were positive factors for participation in health examinations among those aged 65–74 years.

BackgroundThe relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors remains unknown in a general Japanese population.MethodsOf 8,815 participants from 300 randomly selected areas throughout Japan, 2,467 participants who were free of cardiovascular disease and who provided information on SES in the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2010 were enrolled in this cross-sectional analysis. SES was classified according to the employment status, length of education, marital and living statuses, and equivalent household expenditure (EHE). Outcomes were ignorance of each cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, low high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, arrhythmia, and smoking) and insufficient knowledge (number of correct answers <4 out of 6).ResultsA short education and low EHE were significantly associated with a greater ignorance of most cardiovascular risk factors. A short education (<10 years) was also associated with insufficient knowledge of overall cardiovascular risk factors: age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (OR) were 1.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51–2.45) relative to participants with ≥13 years of education. Low EHE was also associated with insufficient knowledge (age- and sex-adjusted OR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.51 for the lowest quintile vs the upper 4 quintiles). These relationships remained significant, even after further adjustments for regular exercise, smoking, weekly alcohol consumption, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and low HDL cholesterol.ConclusionParticipants with a short education and low EHE were more likely to have less knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors.