Institut Esthederm (France)

Vitamin C or L-ascorbic acid (AA), its most biologically active form, is the most abundant antioxidant in healthy skin.Vitamin C is well-known for its anti-aging skin effects, like the inhibition of skin damage by free radicals, stimulation of collagen biosynthesis, inhibition of melanogenesis, and improvement of various inflammatory skin disorders. 1Thus, vitamin C is widely used in skin care products.However, vitamin C is highly unstable in aqueous solution, in the presence of oxygen and metal ions.Its oxidation is associated with a yellowish coloration of the formulation and loss of biochemical properties.AA stability in cosmetics remains a challenge despite several strategies, like the reduction of water content, the addition of antioxidants, the encapsulation in micro or nanoparticles, the use of more stable derivatives of vitamin C or multiple phase emulsions. 2o address this problem, an anhydrous formulation was developed, consisting of pure AA (10%) dissolved in two natural polyols compounds, propanediol and glycerin -a naturally occurring molecule of the skin.The anhydrous formulation stored in glass vials and white bottles remained colorless with a perfect stability of AA for 24 months at room temperature protected from light.Few clinical studies reported the efficacy of topical application of vitamin C alone or its derivatives on hyperpigmentation disorders caused by exposure to UV radiations (photoaging). 3,4AA decreases UVA-induced melanogenesis through its antioxidant properties 5 and may interfere with tyrosinase action, the main enzyme involved in melanin synthesis. 1 clinical study was conducted to assess the anti-spot/lightening effect and the acceptability of the new product.This clinical study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice Guidelines, and local laws and regulations.The European Directive 2001/20/EC and regulations issued by the Minister of Health (Order of the Minister of Health of May 2, 2012 regarding Good Clinical Practice, Dz.U.2012, item 491) was not applicable.Therefore, this study was considered as non-interventional and did not require the Ethics Committee Approval and the Competent Authority Authorization.All the subjects provided written informed consent prior to their participation in the study.Thirty-three healthy women, aged between 33 and 64 years, with sensitive skin, phototype I to III, and at least 1 pigmentary spot (lentigo > 3 mm) on the face were enrolled at the end of October 2020.Thirty-one subjects completed the study.They applied twice daily for 2 months 1 drop of the product on each cheek and on the forehead, then massaged until completely absorbed.Two zones were defined on the face, one with pigmentary spot and one with normal pigmentation, for color measurements using a Konica Minolta CM700-d spectrophotometer equipped with a 3 mm diameter head.The parameters L* (luminance) and b* (cutaneous melanin yellow color) were recorded on day 0 (baseline) (D0), then 28 (D28) and 56 days (D56) after product application.The Individual Typological Angle (ITA°) was calculated from the L* and b* parameters, ITA° being inversely related to pigmentation.The cutaneous acceptability of the product was assessed through an evaluation questionnaire on D56.L* and ITA° mean values increased on D28 and

The DEMO reactor is expected to be the first application of fusion for electricity generation in the near future. To this aim, conceptual design activities are progressing in Europe (EU) under the lead of the EUROfusion Consortium in order to drive on the development of the major tokamak systems. In 2014, the activities carried out by the magnet system project team were focused on the toroidal field (TF) magnet system design and demonstrated major achievements in terms of concept proposals and of consolidated evaluations against design criteria. Several magnet system RD and 2) the HTS R&D activities building upon the consolidated knowledge acquired over the past years.

1er Decembre, mais egalement a la memoire d'une monarchie roumaine redecouverte apres 1989 et qui etait evoquee de maniere invariablement critique, sinon franchement injurieuse a l'epoque communiste. Le manque d'interet de l'historiographie roumaine postcommuniste pour la Grande Guerre est en partie responsable de sa faible presence dans la memoire collective d'aujourd'hui. D'un point de vue historiographique, la Grande Guerre occupe une position ingrate, coincee entre, d'une part, un XIXe siecle dont l'etude est en train de devenir un veritable creuset de la mo-