- Research Article
- 10.5617/jais.12788
Sobriety (<i>zuhd</i>) and Hunger (<i>jūʿ</i>)
- Oct 31, 2025
- Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies
- Emmanuel Pisani
Although al-Ghazālī’s cosmology emphasises divine harmony and providential wisdom, natural calamities nonetheless pose a challenge to his theodicy. Al-Ghazālī resolves this tension by situating disasters within a providential design that integrates both time and space. While their ultimate purpose remains beyond human understanding, for al-Ghazālī, catastrophes function as divine signs—either as trials for believers or as punishments for the impious—that demand an ethical and spiritual response. The appropriate response required of the believer is made possible through the Sufi concepts of zuhd (ascetic detachment) and juʿ (voluntary hunger), which cultivate self-discipline, purify the soul and redirect the believer toward reliance on God. These practices not only prepare individuals to endure trials with patience and gratitude but also strengthen communal solidarity, particularly in times of crisis such as epidemics. By integrating theodicy with ascetic discipline, al-Ghazālī transforms adversity into a means of spiritual elevation, affirming that faith requires both intellectual adherence and transformative praxis. Keywords: al-Ghazālī, natural disasters, zuhd, jūʿ, Islamic ethics, eschatology
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