Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny

Right-censoring of covariates is common in count-data applications, yet standard Poisson regression typically assumes fully observed predictors. We consider a cross-sectional Poisson model with one covariate subject to random right-censoring and propose a likelihood-based estimator that incorporates both uncensored and censored observations. For censored cases, the likelihood contribution integrates over the conditional distribution beyond the censoring threshold. The resulting maximum-likelihood approach accounts for censoring-induced uncertainty without discarding data or using ad hoc substitutions. Simulation results and an empirical illustration highlight the advantages of the proposed method.

In a constantly evolving digital landscape, object-oriented software plays a critical role but is frequently affected by structural and behavioral defects that undermine its maintainability. Existing detection techniques predominantly target structural flaws, often neglecting behavioral anomalies. This oversight limits their overall effectiveness in ensuring software quality. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a novel approach capable of detecting both structural defects—namely Blob and Long Method—and a behavioral defect, Poltergeist. The proposed method is composed of two complementary modules. The first module, IsolationPlus, aims to extract true instances of the Poltergeist defect from an unlabeled dataset (Apache-Ant 1.6.2). It combines the Extended Isolation Forest algorithm with expert feedback. This hybrid technique outperforms three benchmark anomaly detection methods by identifying 46 Poltergeist instances with an F1-score of 1.0, compared to 34 using Isolation Forest, 23 using Extended Isolation Forest, and 12 using k-Nearest Neighbors anomaly detection, which yielded F1-scores of 0.19, 0.17, and 0.13, respectively. These results highlight the effectiveness of integrating expert knowledge in behavioral defect detection. The second module, DetectDev, is a meta-model that leverages widely used ensemble learning techniques—bagging, stacking, and boosting—alongside 10 base estimators, for a total of 1,000 decision trees. Each sub-model is specialized in detecting a specific type of defect. This targeted strategy significantly improved performance, achieving F1-scores of 0.72 for Blob, 0.73 for Long Method, and 0.89 for Poltergeist, outperforming a stacking-only model, which obtained F1-scores of 0.71, 0.71, and 0.85, respectively.

This study evaluates the effects of hydrothermal and oleothermal treatments on the physical, colorimetric, and mechanical properties of Dabema wood. Samples were heated at 100, 160, and 220 °C for 2, 3.5, and 5 h. Equilibrium moisture content decreased from 13.16% in untreated wood to approximately 43% lower after hydrothermal treatment at 160 °C for 5 h and to 64% lower after oleothermal treatment at 220 °C for 5 h. Water absorption decreased from 78% in untreated samples to 25%–64% following hydrothermal treatment and to 17%–44% after oleothermal treatment. Hydrothermal treatment caused significant darkening, whereas oleothermal treatment maintained a lighter, more stable color. Mechanical properties improved substantially: in compression, MOE increased by 113% after oleothermal treatment at 220 °C for 5 h. In bending, MOR and MOE rose by 25%–35% under optimal oil-heat conditions. In tensile, MOE increased by 30%, and maximum tensile stress improved by up to 130%. Oleothermal treatments yielded the most stable enhancements, whereas severe hydrothermal treatments sometimes reduced mechanical performance despite improving moisture resistance. Multivariate analysis (PCA) and response surface methodology (RSM) indicate that oleothermal treatment at 160 °C for 3.5–5 h provides the best compromise between stiffness and color stability. Thermogravimetric analyses (TG/DTG) show hydrothermal treatment promotes hemicelluloses degradation, whereas oleothermal treatment stabilizes the cellulose–lignin network. Overall, hydrothermal treatment enhances dimensional stability, while oleothermal treatment achieves an optimal balance of stiffness, mechanical performance, and color retention. Deep color changes from furanic resin formation under hydrothermal conditions are strongly suppressed by oil during oleothermal processing, yielding lighter and more durable wood. For commercial applications such as furniture and structural components, oleothermal treatment is recommended, whereas hydrothermal treatment is more suitable when dimensional stability is prioritized over mechanical performance.

This study focuses on the treatment of real textile effluents from Côte d’Ivoire. These effluents, heavily loaded with dyes and refractory organic compounds, pose major risks to human health, biodiversity, and soil quality when discharged untreated. The objective is to assess the efficiency of the homogeneous Fenton advanced oxidation process in improving water quality prior to discharge. This process relies on the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through the reaction between hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) in an acidic medium, enabling the degradation of complex organic pollutants. Laboratory tests were conducted on raw effluent samples, with pH adjusted to 3–4 and varying reagent concentrations to optimize performance. Results show a significant reduction in physicochemical parameters: BOD₅ (−83%), COD (−53%), and turbidity (−96.7%), along with complete decolorization of the effluents. After treatment, the obtained values comply with Ivorian discharge standards, confirming the effectiveness of the process for depolluting textile wastewater. However, pH adjustment is required before discharge. This study demonstrates that the homogeneous Fenton method is a high-performance and adaptable solution for treating industrial effluents that are difficult to biodegrade, thereby contributing to the protection of water resources and reducing environmental impacts.

Abstract Past efforts have concentrated on top‐down approaches in delivering precision nutrient management (PNM) practices to smallholder farmers, but with little yield and economic impact for farmers. Farmer‐centric on‐farm experimentation (OFE) is an approach designed to effectively engage farmers in generating technologies tailored to the agroecological, socioeconomic, and cultural complexities of smallholder farming systems. This study, implemented in East and West Africa, used a mixed methodology approach, including a survey and agronomic measurements, to gain insights into farmer learning and nutrient management decision‐making, and the outcomes from their participation in OFE processes. For the agronomic assessment, a simple experimental design was employed from 2021 to 2024, whereby smallholder farm‐scale fields (0.5–1 ha) were divided into two experimental plots to compare optimized treatment (OT) and a farmer practice (FP). Considerable co‐learning between farmers and other stakeholders was observed, particularly in Kenya and Tanzania. There was a positive trend in maize yields over time in the FP treatment, attributed to the involvement of farmers in OFE. Yield improvements of up to 53% were achieved, although profitability was observed only in Côte d'Ivoire. While the scientist‐led OT in most cases outperformed the FP, farmers continuously adopted improved nutrient management practices. This highlights the critical role of OFE in scaling PNM by providing a platform to integrate scientific and endogenous knowledge, entrench learning, and scale it by linking to wider innovation systems. OFE also offers precise and relevant data for farmer decision‐making on nutrient management drawn from co‐designed trials and co‐developed agronomic knowledge.

Aims: This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of two pheromone trap designs, Deltasan and Tutasan, for capturing the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a major pest of tomato crops in Côte d’Ivoire. Study Design: The experiment was conducted in Yamoussoukro, central Côte d’Ivoire, on a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) field where adult male captures were recorded from five randomly selected traps of each type during each sampling period. Place and Duration of Study: The study took place from July to September 2024 during the rainy season in the village of Gogokro (6°49′ N, 5°26′ W). Methodology: Count data were analyzed using a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) with a negative binomial distribution to account for data non-normality and overdispersion typical of insect populations. Results: A significant interaction was observed between trap type and crop phenological stage. During the flowering stage, no significant difference was detected between Deltasan and Tutasan traps. However, during the fruiting and ripening stages, the Tutasan trap captured significantly more adults than the Deltasan trap. Overall, capture numbers increased with crop development, particularly for Tutasan traps. Conclusion: These results highlight that the efficacy of pheromone traps varies with the phenological stage of the tomato crop. The Tutasan trap proved more efficient for both monitoring and mass trapping of T. absoluta during critical periods of infestation. This study provides insights for optimizing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies against T. absoluta and related Gelechiidae pests in tropical tomato production systems.

Backgroundvisual disturbances and hallucinations may be linked to a meningioma when the tumor exerts pressure on the brain régions involved on vision or visual perception.Objectiveto report a clinical case of olfactory sulcus meningioma revealed by visual hallucinations.CaseMs EAH, 64 years ils, with no particular medical history, has been followed for two years for declining visual acuity. It was following the onset of visual hallucinations coupled with psychomotor agitation that she was hospitalized on a psychiatric ward. The physical examination revealed a psychosis syndrome involving hallucinatoire delirium associated with involvement of the third cranial nerve and glaucomatous retinopathy. Brain MRI revealed a meningioma of the olfactory groove with suprasellar extension. She was referred to the Neurosurgery Department of the Saint Joseph Moscati Hospital for treatment. A transnasal endoscopic approach was performed 17 days after diagnosis. The short-term postoperative course is uneventful.Conclusionan organic lesion, particularly a meningioma, should be investigated in the presence of visual disturbances, particularly hallucinations.