Institut Universitaire Siantou

This study explores how project management practices contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) which aims to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable within the context of urban development projects in Cameroon. Focusing on the cities of Yaoundé and Douala, the research employs a qualitative design supported by structured questionnaires to assess stakeholder knowledge, perceptions, and barriers to SDG 11 implementation. Data were collected from 30 key informants, three urban development case study projects, and 120 survey respondents from municipal councils and private engineering firms. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages and frequencies) and presented in tabular form. Demographic findings reveal that 75.7% of respondents were male, and 50% had between 5–10 years of professional experience reflecting a relatively experienced but male-dominated urban planning workforce. Results show that while practices such as stakeholder engagement and sustainability integration are increasingly applied, major barriers including funding constraints, weak policy enforcement, and technical capacity gaps persist. The study concludes that despite growing awareness of sustainability principles, institutional weaknesses continue to hinder effective implementation. It recommends enhanced capacity-building, improved governance, and stronger stakeholder collaboration to align urban development efforts with SDG 11 targets.

Background: Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) and Adiponectin are both Pro and antiinflammatory cytokines that play major roles in the pathogenesis and therapeutic management of many metabolic diseases.Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the role of TNF- and Adiponectin amongst Insulin-Treatment Failure and insulin therapy success in type 2 Diabetic Mellitus subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Methodology: The study was conducted at the Diabetic unit of the Cit verte hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon, between February 2023 and March 2024.A case-control study was conducted with 80 enrolled participants (41 insulin-treated patients with poor glycemic control and 39 patients with good glycemic control on insulin.The TNF-, adiponectin and glycated haemoglobin were measured on whole blood specimens using immunoassay techniques.The Graph Pad Prism 5.0 and EPI Info 7.1.software was used for the analysis of data.Results: TNF- and Glycated haemoglobin (HbAIc) mean levels were higher in insulin-treated patients with poor glycemic control (TNF-: 19.4 8, HbAIc: 35.26 11pg/ml) compared to patients with good glycemic control (TNF-: 17.1 6 pg/ml, HbAIc: 21.5 5 pg/ml) with p < 0.001.The Adiponectin mean levels were lower in subjects with treatment failure (5.62 4 pg/ml) compared to patients with treatment success (6.33 6 pg/ml), was not statistically significant, p=0.0818.A negative correlation was observed between TNF- and Adiponectin in subjects with treatment failure, with r=-0.03, which was not statistically significant, p=-0.08. Conclusion:The variation of TNF-alpha and Adiponectin in uncontrolled patients on insulin therapy and well-controlled patients could justify their implications in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.The increased levels of TNF-, HbAIc, combined with the low levels of adiponectin, could be exploited as signalisation biomarkers for monitoring Insulin treatment failure and other metabolic dysregulation and inflammation.

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Mali, particularly in endemic areas such as the Kolondieba health district. This study aimed to analyse the geo-temporal dynamics of clinical malaria transmission, identifying high-risk periods, vulnerable age groups and associated environmental and health determinants. A historical cohort study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 across 21 health facilities in the Kolondieba district. Epidemiological, climatic, and demographic data were analysed using geospatial tools (QGIS) and statistical software (R). The non-parametric Wilcoxon and Kruskall-Wallis tests were used to compare two means and population malaria incidence distribution, respectively. The incidence of malaria exhibited seasonality influenced by precipitation and humidity, while elevated temperatures were associated with a decrease in malaria incidence. Periods of high transmission potential (HTP) last for 20-25 weeks annually (weeks 23-48) and peak around weeks 30-31. Malaria accounted for 53.71% of consultation reasons, with pronounced vulnerability observed in children aged 0-4 yrs, especially during high transmission periods. Spatial stratification revealed two risk levels: 5 health areas at moderate risk (incidence 251-450 cases/1000 inhabitants) and 16 at high risk (>450 cases/1000 inhabitants). Health center attendance was a more determining risk factor. This study highlights the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of malaria transmission in southern Mali, emphasising the necessity to target interventions during weeks 23-48 (June through November), among children <5 yrs of age, in health areas with high health centre attendance. The integration of socio-economic factors in future studies could refine control strategies.

The two-dimensional (2D) version of ferromagnet XXZ spin chain with DzyaloshinskyMoriya (DM) interaction, recently introduced by F. Kenmogne and coworkers is reexplored. Firstly by using the Dyson-Maleev transformation, the 2-D discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation, governing the quantum states behaviors is found. Next using the semidiscrete multiple-scale method, the 2-D DNLS equation is reduced to the 2D extended nonlinear Schrödinger (ENLS) equation which consists of the basic 2-D NLS equation with additional nonlinear dispersive terms. This equation admits the classical 2D pulse quantum states, when additional terms vanish. In addition, this equation admits the 2D compacton and 2D peakon-like boson quantum states. Furthermore, we notice that on the contrary to the classical outcomes where amplitudes of both solutions are free parameters, the amplitudes for two dimensional quantum states are not free parameters since the obtained solutions need to be normalized.

Les affaires de pédocriminalité commis par des clercs et le silence qui a pu les couvrir ont engendré une indignation réclamant une réponse de l’Église, allant jusqu’à demander la levée du secret de confession ; or, le secret de confession est une manifestation de la miséricorde divine, il doit demeurer absolu pour préserver la dignité de tous les pénitents ; la protection de ce secret n’empêche pas la justice, à condition de bien le distinguer des silences mortifères et des autres secrets qui peuvent connaître des exceptions.