Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes

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Les lois promulguées dans l’Europe des vie-ixe siècles témoignent d’influences multiples en matière de sanction judiciaire : celle du droit romain du centre et des provinces, celle du texte biblique et des Pères, celle de la coutume des groupes originaires de l’extérieur de l’empire mais depuis longtemps en contact avec lui. Pas plus en ce domaine que dans d’autres i

This article examines the collection of Augustinian sermons known as De bono coniugali (C), offering a detailed study of its earliest witness and archetype, ms. Città del Vaticano, BAV, Pal. Lat. 210 (C 1), recently redated to the early sixth century. It is first shown that the textual value of the sermons transmitted by the collection was long underestimated by the editors, because it was considered to be a compilation put together in the sixth century by Caesarius, bishop of Arles. A historiographical re-assessment of the question verifies that the classification of C among the Arlesian collections has never been positively demonstrated and is contradicted by the textual data: a close study of the tradition of several sermons clearly points out that, contrary to what has been claimed, the text transmitted by C is generally excellent, even compared with other ancient collections, despite some gross errors which may be innovations of its archetype C 1. A detailed examination of Pal. lat. 210 from a material and structural point of view even reveals, in places, traces of material discontinuity and codicological layering that allow us to learn more about the genesis of its constitution: this enables us to identify in the manuscript several subsets (blocks of sermons) that coincide with volumes such as were kept in the library of Hippo and described in Possidius’s Indiculus. It is therefore safe to conclude that the De bono collection is a Late Antique collection, predating Caesarius, and that it was made from first-rate materials, directly linked to African originalia. In the state in which it is traditionally known, the collection was made in Italy, as proven by several interpolations and the presence of opuscules attested in Rome as early as the first half of the sixth century; it is suggested that it was composed at the end of the fifth century, perhaps in Campania.

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Résumé En ce qui concerne la prière du vendredi ṣalāt al-ǧumu‘a, le maḏhab mālikite recommande un certain nombre de règles qui ne sont pas toujours applicables dans l’environnement saharien. La question abordée dans cet article est celle de l’élaboration d’une jurisprudence qui accorde les conditions de validité de la prière communautaire préconisées par le madhhab aux spécificités de la vie au désert. Elle est examinée à travers le recueil d’un juriste du Tafilalt du XVe siècle, Ibn Hilāl al-Siǧilmāsī (m. 903/1498). L’étude des compilations touaties des XVIIIe-XIXe siècles permet ensuite de mettre en évidence la stabilisation d’une jurisprudence soucieuse à la fois de la doctrine et de la vitalité des pratiques religieuses.

IntroductionLes travaux menés sur le terrain entre le 7 janvier et le 2 février 2023 ont permis de poursuivre la fouille du village hellénistique et du fort romain de Ghozza (durant trois semaines), de reprendre celle du fort romain-romain tardif de Deir el-Atrash (deux semaines), et d’avancer dans la prospection de la région.1. Le site de GhozzaLes fouilles archéologiques de Ghozza (fig. 1) ont été menées par Bérangère Redon, assistée par Laura Aguer (secteur 33), Maël Crépy (secteur 44), e...

Abstract This article studies the integration of Cherifian lineage groups into the social fabric of two oasis societies in western Sahara, Touat in southern Algeria and Oualata in Mauritania, during the 18th and 19th centuries. The aim is to consider the šarīf as a social actor distinct from “maraboutic” groups. We argue that Saharan šurafāʾ have a power that, although legitimized by the prestige of the genealogical link with the Prophet, can be articulated independently of the authority conferred by the status of scholar or “saint” (walī). Their power seems to rest primarily on their commitment as community leaders and, above all, on their ability to impose themselves in power relations between lineage groups, including through use of force of arms.

Suffusion is one of the four mechanisms of internal erosion. The embankments and their foundations can exhibit different forms of heterogeneity which can be a major factor initiating suffusion. Although several experimental studies on the effect of heterogeneities have been performed, numerical studies remain less approached. In this paper, the effect of material heterogeneity is examined using the discrete element method and the computational fluid dynamics model (DEM-CFD). The suffusion process is studied by simulating a soils sample in a column, subjected to downward flow. Heterogeneity is addressed by adding coarse particles at two-layer positions (mid-length or downstream) at three coarse fractions (20%, 40%, 60%). Its effect is investigated in terms of erodible particles, retention efficiency, and contact forces at the particle scale. In particular, the numerical simulation results show that the erosion occurs in a heterogeneous way, and the downstream configuration provides more suffusion than the central one. In addition, the introduction of coarse particles can lead to increase the filtration efficiency. The effect of involved heterogeneities on erosion depends simultaneously on the coarse fraction and configuration heterogeneity. The comparison of the numerical results with those obtained by a suffusion test shows a concordance and validates the numerical approach.

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En 2007, Michael D. Reeve a proposé d’identifier le manuscrit Le Mans, Médiathèque Louis-Aragon, 263, un beau témoin de la Naturalis historia de Pline l’Ancien datant du XIIe siècle, avec l’exemplaire conservé au Mont Saint-Michel entre le milieu du XIIe siècle – quand il y aurait été apporté et corrigé par le célèbre abbé Robert de Torigni – et la fin du XVIIe ; Patricia Stirnemann l’a en revanche présenté comme un codex fait pour des mécènes et par des artisans anglais, mais travaillant sur le continent, très probablement au Mans. Après une révision critique de ces hypothèses, on mène une analyse paléographique de la main qui a corrigé Le Mans 263 peu après sa rédaction, afin de vérifier si cette main est identifiable à celle de l’abbé Robert sur la base des réflexions récentes de Benjamin Pohl, Stéphane Lecouteux et Thomas N. Bisson. En même temps, on s’efforce de dresser un panorama de la circulation de la Naturalis historia au Moyen Âge central entre Paris, la Normandie et l’Angleterre, afin de montrer à quel point le cadre est moins assuré, mais plus stimulant, qu’on a pu le penser.