Institut für Automation und Kommunikation

This study presents a novel mechanistic model approach to predict the simultaneous oxidation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and organic micropollutants (OMP) during ozonation in advanced wastewater treatment. The model captures the two-step dynamics of ozone decay through the fractionation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and includes four different OMP. An optimization procedure is implemented to estimate the DOM fractions and their stoichiometric relationship with ozone, thus enabling the prediction of ozone decay and ultraviolet adsorption coefficient at 254 nm (UVA 254 ) abatement across a range of ozone dosages, without relying on dose-dependent parameter fitting, thereby overcoming the key limitations of existing empirical or semi-empirical models. Hydroxyl radical (•OH) exposure was modeled using two approaches: the Rct-based approach and a chain reaction modeling method. Batch experiments to measure ozone decay were performed with two different wastewaters. Ozone concentrations were measured directly using a photometer and indirectly using the indigo method. Model predictions showed strong agreement between simulated and observed ozone decay (R 2 > 0.94) using the indigo method but showed weaker model performance for predicting kinetic UVA 254 reduction at low ozone dosages, with R 2 values ranging from 0.1 to 0.57, improving significantly at higher dosages (R 2 > 0.92). Full-scale model validation showed that the model can well predict removals of ozone-reactive compounds such as diclofenac and carbamazepine. However, the Rct-based approach underestimated the removal of benzotriazole and metoprolol as they are •OH-dependent. Better predictions for these OMP were reached using the chain reaction modeling approach. Simulations revealed that increasing DOM concentrations (5–20 mg/L) reduced OMP removal up to 35% due to competitive ozone consumption. Multistage ozone dosing simulations showed a 20% ozone savings without compromising treatment performance. These findings highlight the model's potential to aid in the planning and optimization of ozonation processes and enhance resource efficiency in advanced wastewater treatment. • Two model procedures are provided for the modeling of hydroxyl radical exposure. • Model accurately predicts O 3 decomposition in two wastewaters with four O 3 doses. • Model shows good performance in predicting UVA254 abatement only at high O 3 doses. • Model accuracy depends mainly on the reactivity of the special OMP with O 3 and •OH. • Full-scale simulation assists in understanding of ozone-saving dosing strategies.

In this paper an 11kW Wireless Power Transfer System for battery electric vehicles based on the standard reference designs for system and coils of the WPT3 power- and Z2/Z3 ground clearance class of IEC 61980 and SAE J2954, intended as a test object for different experiments (e.g. metering methods, EMC-research), is presented. The coil system’s magnetic properties in different alignment points are examined in simulation and compared to measured values. The chosen implementation of the standard’s block circuit diagrams is explained, the design process illustrated and its practicability discussed. Finally, the thermal and electrical properties of the designs are analysed in operation.

ABSTRACT Resilience contributes to improving the sustainability of urban drainage systems (UDSs), which has recently begun to be considered in UDS management, but generally as engineering (ER) or as socio-ecological (SER) resilience separately. This article proposes and discusses a conceptual framework that can analyse ER and SER through a comprehensive resilience (CR) index in a UDS with a focus on floods, considering national and international experiences and methodologies related to resilience analyses and is applicable to UDSs. The framework was evaluated in the Southern Drainage System (SDS) of the city of Cali, Colombia, obtaining moderate values of ER and the CR index, and low values of SER. The drainage areas and infrastructure components of the SDS were hydrodynamically modelled in the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). This conceptual framework can be useful for decision-makers in UDSs management and should be evaluated considering different threat scenarios and mitigation strategies.

Many cities struggle with financing their infrastructure projects. When decision makers cannot fully capture the benefits of their investments, there is a risk of underinvestment. Hong Kong’s transit operator created a model where it not only collects fare revenues but also engages in property management, leveraging the positive effects of public transport on nearby property values. In the article titled “Monetizing Positive Externalities to Mitigate the Infrastructure Underinvestment Problem,” the authors present a stochastic Stackelberg game of timing to examine the reasoning behind this approach. The issue is complex because the operator faces a two-dimensional optimal stopping problem that cannot be simplified by changing the numéraire. The authors determine the operator’s optimal investment strategy through the use of a “penalized problem” and provide comparative statics. They also identify the conditions in which capitalizing on positive externalities can encourage infrastructure investment. Other management challenges share similar structures.

Integrating Industry 4.0 principles with 5G industrial networks and Asset Administration Shell (AAS) has established a new paradigm for more effective and intelligent management. This paper addresses the management of non-public 5G networks using AAS, focusing on optimizing communication configurations. We propose four AAS submodels regarding application requirements, network capabilities, legal constraints, and environmental conditions. A central entity, dubbed the orchestrator, analyzes the application's needs and adjusts the communication network as necessary. This approach enables dynamic and adaptive reconfigurations, improving operational efficiency and productivity. Details of the information models and workflow between the orchestrator and AAS are presented. Initial simulation results show how time slot configuration in a 5G network can be adapted to prioritize uplink transmissions according to application needs.

Industrial Ethernet networks are well-established communication systems in industrial production facilities. They are used in particular in applications with high demands on real-time capability and transmission reliability. In the context of applications with mobility requirements, such as mobile robots or rotating machine parts, however, they reach their practicable limits. In these cases, wireless communication systems are necessary. In addition to enabling the aforementioned applications, they promise further advantages, such as cost savings through simplified installation. However, the same requirements are placed on wireless systems as on their wired counterparts. This paper structures these requirements’ implications on industrial communication systems by deriving four mandatory properties that need to be fulfilled by any communication system for industrial applications. Current commercially available technologies are reviewed with respect to the mandatory properties. Addressing their shortcomings, an overview of current research approaches aiming to improve industrial wireless systems in the automation applications is given.

ABSTRACT This paper presents a comprehensive simulation environment for damage analysis of drinking water and sewer systems. Given the potential damage caused by natural disasters or infrastructural problems, analyzing the resilience of such systems is of crucial importance. The presented simulation environment integrates various specialized solvers that are required for the simulation of drinking water and sewer systems. These include solvers for gravity flow, fully-filled pressurized pipes, and others. The system enables the model-based analysis of damage and the evaluation of measures to increase the resilience of these systems.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Notice of Concern: The Publisher has put a notice of caution and inquiry on this paper because of an expression of concern about the figures and so have temporarily withdrawn the article. We will update after our investigation. </div></div>