Institut für Textiltechnik Augsburg (Germany)

Single cell measurements with living specimen like, for example, the ciliated protozoan Paramecium caudatum can be a challenging task. We present here a microfluidic trapping mechanism for measurements with these micro-organisms that can be used, e.g., for optical measurements to correlate cellular functions with the phase state of the lipid membrane. Here, we reversibly trap single cells in small compartments. Furthermore, we track and analyze the swimming behavior of single cells over several minutes. Before and after reversible trapping the swimming speed is comparable, suggesting that trapping does not have a large effect on cell behavior. Last, we demonstrate the feasibility of membrane order measurements on living cells using the fluorescent dye 6-lauryl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (Laurdan).

The rising availability of hyperspectral data has increased the attention of anomaly detection for various applications. Anomaly detection aims to find a small number of pixels in the hyperspectral data for which the spectral signatures differ significantly from the background. However, for anomalies like camouflage objects in a rural area, the spectral signatures distinguish only by small features. For this purpose, we use a 1D-Convolutional Autoencoder, which extracts the background spectra’s most specific features to reconstruct the spectral signature by minimizing the loss function’s error. The difference between the original and the reconstructed data can be exploited for anomaly detection. Since the loss function is minimized based on predominant background spectra, areas with anomalies exhibit higher error values. The proposed anomaly detection method’s performance is tested on hyperspectral data in the range of 1000 to 2500 nm. The data was recorded with a drone-based Headwall sensor at approximately 80 m over a rural area near Greding, Germany. The anomalies consist mainly of camouflage materials and vehicles. We compare the performance of a 1D-Convolutional Autoencoder trained on a data set without the target anomalies for different models. This is done to quantify the number of anomalies in the data set before they inhibit the detection process. Additionally, the detection results are compared to the state-of-the-art Reed-Xiaoli anomaly detector. We present the results by counting the correct detections in relation to the false positives with the receiver operating characteristic and discuss more suitable evaluation approaches for small targets. We show that the 1D-CAE outperforms the Reed-Xiaoli anomaly detector for a false alarm rate of 0.1% by reconstructing the background with a low error and the anomalies with a higher error. The 1D-CAE is suitable for camouflage anomaly detection.

Additive manufactured micro-optical systems and elements via two-photon polymerization already show a wide range of applications. To extend that range, mechanical features such as autofocus, zoom or tilting could be realized by implementing actuatable components in the printed opto-mechanical design. We demonstrate a magnetic actuation principle, where ferromagnetic fluids are injected into predefined microcavities. In this way, optical parts can be actuated through external magnetic fields in continuous manner and restored to their original position by retracting mechanical components embedded in the design. We demonstrate different kinds of motions regarding use cases in endoscopic applications.

Nanometer resolution metrology is a significant topic in the development and production of complex shaped high precision optics. The Nanopositioning and Nanomeasuring Machine NPMM-200 at ITO is built for nanometer scale positioning in a large scale measurement volume of 200 mm x 200 mm x 25 mm. The concept of the machine is based on a high precision interferometrically controlled stage in a stable metrological frame made of glass-ceramic. In this frame, different types of sensors can be attached for measurement of surface topographies. In this contribution, we present the use of optical sensors, such as a fixed focus probe, for measuring of high precision aspheric and freeform optics with this new machine.

In this contribution, an approach for the characterization of various fiber-based slit homogenizer devices in the NIR and SWIR is shown. The devices are to be tested for use in a satellite-based spectrometer for spatial monitoring of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. This leads to the characterization requirement for temporal coherence and spatial incoherence. Speckle noise has to be reduced to a very low level, which is achieved using a fixed diffusor in combination with a rotating diffusor and a tunable (wavelength) laser as well as temporal averaging. Remaining variations due to unwanted interferences at the imager are removed by controlled movement of the sensor with an automated micro positioning stage in combination with image processing. The design, realization and characterization of the measurement breadboard as well as near field homogenization results for different input scenes and polarizations are shown. Additionally, the geometric characteristics and the depolarization effect of the fibers are investigated for a homogeneous input scene. Furthermore, a setup and measurement results concerning the focal ratio degradation of the fibers are presented.

Der leistungswirtschaftliche Bereich wird konform zur betriebswirtschaftlichen Literatur als „throughput“ (Produktion mit Logistik) abgegrenzt: Innerhalb der industriellen Fertigung ist der zielgerichtete Einsatz von Sachgutern und Dienstleistungen und deren Transformationsprozess in verschiedene Funktionsbereiche abgrenzbar (Abb. 10.1; Hoitsch 1985, S. 1f.). Produktivitats- und Leistungssteigerungen in der Produktion sind seit langem Gegenstand von Produktionsbetrieben, so z. B. bei Henry Ford die Arbeitsteilung. Heute stehen dazu viele Techniken wie Lean, Six Sigma, JIT, Kanban, Supermarkt oder agile Methoden zur Verfugung.