Institute for Regional Economics

Aim . The work aimed to examine the key stages in the evolution of approaches to studying the impact of universities and regions on each other’s development. Objectives . The work seeks to identify and systematize the key stages in the evolution of approaches to studying the impact of universities and regions on each other’s development; to analyze critically the existing approaches; to identify current trends; to justify the need to improve the methods and tools for analyzing and assessing the degree of mutual development between universities and regions, including for the purpose of adapting and improving the effectiveness of the competitive strategies of modern universities. Methods . Using general methods of scientific knowledge, the factors and mechanisms of the influence of the university and the region on the development of each other are examined in various aspects. These factors are of particular research interest due to the implementation by institutions of the higher education sector of educational, scientific research, innovative and other functions that influence the socio-economic processes in the territory of presence and beyond. Results . A systems analysis of Russian and international studies identified and characterized key stages in the transformation of approaches to studying the mutual impact of universities and regions on each other’s development. Shortcomings of theoretical and analytical-evaluative approaches are identified, and existing trends are traced. The need to expand the theoretical and methodological framework for analyzing and assessing the mutual development of universities and regions is argued, including for the purpose of adapting development strategies and competitive behavior in the changing higher education market, taking into account the region’s priority areas of socio-economic development. Conclusions . The article substantiates the assertion that the relationship between universities and regions influences the adaptation of the latter’s development strategies, integrating competitive trends in the higher education market into the overall socio-economic development of the region in order to obtain additional benefits (resource availability, joint projects and programs, business involvement, commercialization and diffusion of innovations, etc.).

Aim. The work aimed to identify the role of modern financial instruments in supporting innovation, as well as the financial market role in achieving technological leadership in Russia. Objectives. The work seeks to study the Russian financial market restrictions associated with external pressure in the form of sanctions against participants, as well as its infrastructure, and to identify traditional and new instruments of the Russian financial market that are used to develop innovation support mechanisms. Methods. Based on the authors’ research methods and empirical data collected through an online survey among financial sector specialists and real businesses, the banking and investment sectors of the financial market are demonstrated to be expanding their capabilities to support innovation through the use of new financial technologies by financial intermediaries. Results. The study systematizes the ways and instruments of financial intermediaries’ participation in supporting innovation. The authors identified the Moscow Exchange capabilities in attracting debt and equity financing by issuers at various stages of a company’s existence, from private equity capital to the circulation of shares on the organized market. The work demonstrates new opportunities for collective investors and platforms to attract capital effectively for the innovative development of companies. An empirical study on the development of digital technologies in the financial market was conducted to reveal the role of the technology factor in investment support for innovation. The use of financial technologies is proven to contribute to the expansion of the investment base of Russian investors for investment support for innovation. Conclusions. The goal set at the state level of expanding financing of innovation through private investment for Russia to achieve the technological leadership can be accomplished using traditional and new financial instruments with the participation of the Moscow Exchange, taking into account the innovative infrastructure of the financial market, as well as scaling up the efforts of financial intermediaries to provide convenient services to clients.

The article specifies approaches to defining and studying a region in the theory of regional economics, based on the Russian view of this scientific discipline. Based on the existing scientific groundwork, the author provides a classification of the region, considering it as a cultural-geographical, supranational and subnational political-administrative category, and also considers deductive and inductive methods of studying the region. Particular attention is paid to the problems of managing regional development, such as economic equilibrium, spatial connectivity and consistency of macroeconomic goals. The presented results allow us to conclude that in scientific activities to study the economy of regions, the pragmatic side of the issue prevails over the theoretical, abstract one, which determines the specificity of Russian research in the field of regional economics.

The disadvantage of the traditional approach to territorial planning of the past years is associated with an underestimation of the essence and multifaceted social brownfields and their importance in the sustainable development of urban areas in post-industrial society. The prospects for the development of the inner space of the city and the quality of life of people largely depend on the presence of brownfields since most of the brownfields can have a negative impact on the environment. This is especially noticeable in large cities and agglomerations. In this paper, we analyze the spatial distribution of brownfields in the largest agglomeration of Russia, comparing their prospects for redevelopment with the analysis of 10 dominant criteria of local priority affecting the transformation of the urban area. The article discusses in detail the reasons for making decisions about the nature of the impact of brownfields and the priority tasks of their elimination: the environmental situation and the economic interests of stakeholders. The study shows that the practice of making decisions on the liquidation of brownfields largely depends on their inclusion in the state register of objects of accumulated environmental damage, which makes it possible to accumulate environmental damage in the near future. However, the entry of accumulated environmental damage into the state register of objects is (1) a practiced procedure because it implies co-financing of the brownfield liquidation project by the federal authorities and (2) an insufficiently objective procedure for assessing the impact (lack of local priority criteria). Based on the conducted research, we believe that the elimination or urbanization of brownfields should be based on the analysis of local priorities in the transformation of urban areas (different from the criteria of modern practice of introducing the state register of brownfields), including the features of the territorial organization of public space, ecological and geographical environment, and public opinion.

Subject: application of the quality economics methodology to obtain scientifically based assessments of the quality of life in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District. The purpose of the study: research development related to the search for possible areas of impact on the socio-economic system that contribute to improving the population’s quality of life in the context of digitalization (according to the data from St. Petersburg and the regions of the Northwestern Federal District). In the course of the study, a quality of life model was created for the regions of the Northwestern Federal District. A basic and comprehensive assessment of the quality of life was carried out, so now we can trace the more than ten-year dynamics of the indicator, group the regions, identify and justify their common and accusatory features in the context of the study. An analysis of individual characteristics of the quality of life in the Northwestern Federal District regions has shown that it is possible to measure the contribution that medical and demographic conditions, socio-economic well-being, comfort and safety of the living environment make to the quality of life indicator. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that it is important to assess the contribution of these components to determine the direction of regional development policy. In the interests of revealing promising opportunities for obtaining algorithmic solutions in the field of standardization of quality of life management in the region, a new format of a multi-level quality management system is proposed. The use of a digitalized format for managerial decision-making in a multi-level quality management system will greatly increase their effectiveness by expanding the capabilities of analyzing complex data without clear relationships, including for forecasting and optimizing processes occurring at the local, regional, and national levels.

Aim. To identify and analyze the relationship between the processes of development of higher education institutions and socio-economic development of the country, including their territorial aspects, taking into account a more accurate understanding of the role of university complexes in the socio-economic development of the country and their impact on the growth potential of the economy in a multipolar world, as well as a comprehensive assessment of their functioning and development. Objectives. Comprehensive assessment of the functioning of university complexes; identification of strengths and weaknesses of the work of universities, not only providing quality education for young people, but also being centers of scientific research, innovative development andcultural exchange; identification of directions for improving their interaction with the regions. Methods. The authors used such methods of scientific research as review of scientific publications, description and analysis. These methods together allow to achieve the aim of the study, to give a complete and objective view of the problem under consideration. Results. The multifaceted role of university complexes in socio-economic development is considered. The authors have highlighted the most significant aspects of the contribution of university complexes in increasing the growth potential of the economy of our country and regions. Conclusions. University complexes play an important role in socio-economic development: they contribute to the development of the education system as a whole, increase the efficiency of scientific research and creation of innovative technologies, economic recovery and cultural enrichment of the country. Due to their multifaceted activities, universities play a key role in creating a favorable economic environment and ensure sustainable development of regions. Attention is drawn to the need to expand and deepen the interaction between higher education and institutions of socio-economic development, including regional universities, employers and their associations, territorial governments, leading universities of the country in order for education to become an effective tool for qualitative improvement of economic growth potential and its innovative development.

В статье исследован сектор услуг для пожилых как сегмент рынка серебряной экономики. Дана авторская классификация услуг, оказываемых пожилым людям, по целому ряду критериев. В ходе экспертного опроса авторами установлены приоритеты и очередность востребованности тех или иных услуг пожилыми. Первую позицию в этом перечне заняли медицинские и социальные услуги. На втором месте оказались услуги правового характера и транспортные. Отмечена недооцененность фактора психологического сопровождения как самого́ процесса старения, так и возможных сопутствующих этому ситуаций. The article examines the service sector for the elderly as a segment of the silver economy market. The author’s classification of services provided to the elderly is given according to an expanded set of criteria. During the expert survey, medical and social services that are of primary demand among the elderly were identified. Legal services and transportation services came in second place. The underestimation of the factor of psychological support for both the aging process itself and possible concomitant processes was noted.

В статье представлен сравнительный анализ процесса старения населения в контексте демографических и профессиональных рисков депопуляции работающего населения в России. Приведены основные медико-демографические показатели старения населения для России и развитых стран. Проанализированы результаты прогнозов ООН, вероятностных прогнозов общей численности и ряда характеристик структуры по возрасту и полу для населения РФ. Убедительно показано состояние демографического неблагополучия в России и мире. Особое внимание уделено рассмотрению демографических рисков сокращения численности населения в рабочих возрастах, увеличению нагрузки на трудоспособное население. Доказана необходимость дальнейших исследований, посвященных использованию геропротекторов и современных геронтотехнологий в качестве средств и методов профилактики преждевременного снижения профессиональной работоспособности, замедления процессов старения организма работающих, снижения уровня смертности трудоспособного населения и увеличения профессионального долголетия. The article presents a comparative analysis of the process of population aging in the context of demographic and professional risks of depopulation among working population in Russia. The values of the main medical and demographic indicators of population aging for Russia and developed countries were given. The results of UN forecasts, probabilistic forecasts of the total number and some characteristics of the age-sex structure for the population of the Russian Federation were analyzed. The state of demographic disadvantage in Russia and in the world was convincingly shown. Particular attention was paid to the consideration of the demographic risks of a reduction in the working-age population and an increase in the burden on the working-age population. The need for further research on the use of geroprotectors and modern gerontotechnologies as means and methods for preventing premature decline in work ability, slowing down the aging process of workers, reducing the mortality rate among working population and increasing professional longevity has been proven.