Institute of Economic Growth

Abstract This study examines fiscal–monetary policy interactions in Korea using a heterogeneous-agent New Keynesian (HANK) DSGE model with distortionary taxation and nominal rigidities. Fiscal and monetary instruments adjust endogenously to markup, productivity, and government debt shocks. Impulse response analysis shows that policy interactions are shock-dependent and that fiscal and monetary policies do not necessarily move together. Under adverse shocks, taxes and monetary policy respond countercyclically, while government spending behaves procyclically due to fiscal sustainability concerns. Government debt shocks reduce consumption and output, highlighting the stabilizing role of tax adjustments over debt expansion.

Background & objectives Extreme heat in cities poses significant health risks especially to vulnerable populations. Climate change has led to heatwaves in India increasing in frequency and duration. To address the heat-health challenges, heat action plans (HAPs) are a key instrument for heat governance. The objective of this study is to critically assess city level HAPs from India, in terms of the eight core elements identified by the World Health Organization guidance on heat-health action. Methods The study uses a benchmarking approach in mapping the representation of core elements across eight city-level HAPs, to assess the plan's coverage and extent of development for each element and its sub-elements. Supportive text analysis was conducted using R software to study the frequency of use of words in the HAPs and key words corresponding to core elements. Results The HAPs varied in design and scope, with core elements that require long-term institutional and/or intersectoral planning and implementation receiving least attention. These elements included care for vulnerable populations, health system preparedness, long-term urban planning, and surveillance of health outcomes. The study identifies the dominant framing of the issue of heat as a time-limited disaster event (namely, a heatwave) as a significant barrier in designing HAPs that are responsive to local contexts and calls for long-term measures required to shape structural drivers of differential vulnerabilities. Interpretation & conclusions A paradigm shift from solely top-down disaster management to coupling with decentralised, community-informed management and long-term measures is essential to effectively address heat-related health risks in both the immediate and the long-term.

Community knowledge can be a valuable resource for practitioners seeking to design and implement effective public health programmes. However, incorporating community knowledge into health programmes can be a challenging process, requiring careful planning and continuous engagement with community members, particularly for gender-specific issues. This systematic literature review is an attempt to synthesise the existing literature on this topic, with the aim of identifying notable instances of countries and interventions that have successfully translated community knowledge into public health programmes, keeping a gender focus. This review found relatively little evidence of translational interventions around gender and health that have been subsequently incorporated into national programmes, indicating that governments are yet to use community knowledge in a productive way. Broadly, three types of interventions were found: (a) interventions which were carried out by local organisations based on their knowledge of the community, who then used the results to lobby health ministries to institutionalise new policies or programmes; (b) interventions carried out by government health programmes that collaborated with local organisations to introduce elements of community-based participatory research into the intervention design and (c) interventions by government health programmes where community participation was incorporated by the inclusion of community health workers. While a gender lens was not incorporated into the intervention design in many studies, all the interventions in this review show that health outcomes, perception and beliefs can be impacted using community engagement and involvement.

<title>Abstract</title> A policy that brings resilience of price to product arrivals would be beneficial for the farmers. The expanse of the market that farmers can reach out to and the prices they fetch mark the stretching of frontier of agricultural marketing. Marketing success is deeply associated with available intelligence on demand distribution that ICT can now bring to farmers. A study of Uttar Pradesh conducted for a perishable crop Tomato reveals imperfection of markets creating dispersions of prices among markets. Some of these markets are privileged with e-NAM that confers superiority in computerization. Comparison between the two types of markets found greater volatility in less privileged markets. Data suggests that farmers increasingly hold produce and release them months after harvest but among other variables, superiority of ICT is found to be an important influence in improving price, increasing Arrivals and reducing distress during post-harvest months when prices tend to fall.

This article examines the trajectory of agricultural growth in the Union Territory (UT) of Jammu and Kashmir from 1960–1961 to 2022–2023, leveraging secondary data sources. By employing time-series modelling, this study investigates the impact of selected determinants on agricultural output over the past six decades. Our data visualizations reveal that agricultural growth was very impressive in the erstwhile state even during the peak of insurgency (during late 1980s and 1990s), whereas the growth of the secondary sector had shown the sign of deceleration during the same period. Since 2001, the deceleration has also been observed in the tertiary sector, mainly because of the lower contribution of the tourism sector. After normalcy in the erstwhile state, since 2000, agricultural growth was on the decline and it was a serious cause of concern for researchers, policymakers and agricultural scientists. Based on the multiple regression model from the eight hypothesized predictors, all variables were found to have a significant effect on agricultural output. Further, the results were found to be in line with the hypothesis barring primary agricultural credit societies. Importantly, we were able to provide evidence that disturbances in terms of cognizable crime did not have any negative impact on the growth of agricultural output in the erstwhile state/UT. Policy options have been discussed in this article.