Institute of Finance and Trade Economics

Abstract Since landing in 2012, the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) onboard the Mars science laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has encountered different local landscapes, which have induced variations in the local surface environment. The aim of this study is to include realistic and site‐specific local topography for any position in a radiation transport model, and to validate this modeling strategy by comparison with MSL/RAD results. We present a method that integrates complex planetary surface models into neutron transport simulations to assess how surface heterogeneities influence secondary neutron environments—combining flexible terrain representation with radiation transport modeling. By modeling the topography of the main sites traversed by the rover, we show and quantify the dependence of downward neutron intensity on topography, in particular on the blocking zenith angle, across the different energy ranges: thermal, epithermal, fast neutrons. Using a method involving the visible surface from an observation point, we reconstruct the additional albedo neutron environment created by the terrain as seen by MSL/RAD, using the Atmospheric RAdiation Model for Ionizing spectra on martian Surface (ARAMIS). In particular, we show that the terrain‐generated thermal neutron spectrum increases with greater topographic relief, while the flux of high‐energy neutrons (>1 MeV) decreases.

The concept of the “space of flows” emphasizes cross-space resource sharing arising from element flows in the digital age and has become an important topic in digital economy (DE) research. The DE is a key driver of global economic growth, whereas carbon emissions (CE) remain a major barrier to achieving global sustainable development goals. Existing research primarily examines the DE-CE relationship from a static perspective based on regional attributes. However, there is a lack of in-depth analysis on the digital economy spatial correlation network (DESCN) and its impact on CE from the perspective of the space of flows. This study aims to address this academic gap within the Chinese context. Our study applies the modified gravity model and social network analysis (SNA) method to characterize the DESCN, and further uses fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the network’s influence on CE. The key findings are as follows: (1) The DESCN exhibits multi-threaded and densifying characteristics, with increasingly frequent inter-regional cooperation, closer internal connections, and a continuously expanding overall scope. (2) While the DESCN exerts a significant overall impact on CE, its specific effects vary significantly. Simply elevating a region’s status within the network is not enough to achieve regional carbon reduction and may even result in increased emissions. (3) To fully unlock the carbon reduction potential of the DE, regions must consider other factors, including population size, energy consumption, industrial structure, and openness.

The Glyph-Mocap Fusion framework integrates multiscale glyph feature extraction with optical motion capture to address challenges in preschool dance choreography. Using infrared cameras and RGB-D sensors for high-precision data acquisition, the system enhances biomechanical accuracy and semantic fidelity. A CNN-Transformer-based StrokeNet module processes glyph hierarchies, while a kinematics-conditioned Motion Variational Autoencoder (MotionVAE) generates anatomically accurate and personalized movements. Optical imaging further refines motion generation by leveraging stereo vision and depth data to boost semantic alignment. Evaluations with Fréchet Inception Distance (FID), Mean Per Joint Position Error (MPJPE), and cross-modal alignment accuracy show significant improvements over traditional 3D motion capture methods. The system achieves real-time performance on NVIDIA Jetson TX2, ensuring low resource utilization while enabling augmented reality (AR)-based visualization to enhance the learning experience. This work provides a scalable, technically robust, and culturally enriched solution for preschool education, advancing the creation of engaging and precise choreography for young learners.

This article is based on blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) technology, combined with the needs of electronic archive management, aiming to address privacy and security issues in the process of data sharing. At present, there are still performance bottlenecks in blockchain networks, the impact of data noise on model accuracy in federated learning, and insufficient privacy protection in data sharing. In response to these shortcomings, this article proposes an electronic waste management method that combines blockchain, federated learning, and differential privacy. It automatically executes the data sharing process through smart contracts, uses InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to achieve distributed storage of data, and designs an incentive mechanism based on Shapley values to ensure fair returns for data owners during the sharing process. The main contribution of this article is to improve the efficiency and security of data sharing, enhance the privacy protection of the model, and optimize the collaboration mechanism between nodes. The experimental results show that this method has significant advantages in improving data sharing efficiency and the accuracy of the highest data quality s_9 achieves 98.2%, enhancing privacy protection, and system security, while ensuring the accuracy of the model and the scalability of the system.

Radiation hardness assurance (RHA) is critical for a space project as it ensures that electronics will perform to their design specifications during exposure to the mission’s radiation environment. The ray-tracing (RT) method (or sector analysis) is commonly used by radiation engineers to estimate the dose at the electronic component level; however, it relies on specific hypotheses. In this article, the limits of the RT method are investigated to understand how the method can be improved and to propose recommendations for the dose calculation. As a first step, the impact of the shielding sectoring resolution is explored and the results are compared to the recommendations of the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS)-E-ST-10-12C. The second part of this article investigates the influence of the shielding material on the dose curve computation, the main input of the RT calculation. Finally, the role of the spacing between different materials as well as the distribution of materials along the particle path is explored.

In recent years, climate change and unpredictable weather are causing more frequent severe floods in various areas, but little is understood about how regional newspapers shape public reactions to and preparations for natural disasters. This study investigated the framing of flood news by The Borneo Post, an English-language newspaper circulated in Sarawak, Malaysia. The specific aspects examined were: (a) frequency of thematic and episodic framing of flood events and (b) frame dimensions used in articles. Altogether 76 articles (25,676 words) on floods published by The Borneo Post from 1 January to 31 December 2023 were analysed. All articles were in the episodic frame. The main frame dimension was attribution of responsibility (79%), where authorities act as disseminators and narrators of disaster facts. However, the absence of thematic framing of floods lowers attribution of responsibility to authorities to plan long-term solutions to flooding. The economic consequences frame ranked second (14.5%), emphasising losses suffered. Little attention was given to human interest (3.9%) or conflict (1.3%). There was no morality frame, and 1.3% of articles were fact-filled and did not have an obvious frame dimension. The findings suggest that fact-focused flood reporting lacking the humanity element may not move readers to action.

This paper first compiles some of the representative literature exploring the relationship between labor standards and international trade, and explores the different attitudes of developed and developing countries on the linkage between labor standards and international trade, and on this basis, analyzes the impact of labor standards on international trade based on China's perspective. The paper argues that labor standards, which are predominantly promoted by Western countries with a focus on workers rights, have a dual nature and exert various effects on the development of international trade. It is not desirable for Chinese enterprises to take a passive attitude of resistance in the face of challenges. Only by implementing social responsibility management into all levels of the enterprise organization structure, transforming the certification pressure into competitive power, and changing the one-sided view of foreign countries on China's labor standards can we win a favorable position in the fierce international competition and a greater space for the development of Chinese enterprises.