Institute of Management Sciences Lahore

The expression renewable energy has drawn considerable interest in recent years owing to the loss of certain energy assets from ongoing use and the pollution caused by fossil fuel usage. The present circumstances make the use of energy from renewable sources a complex process driven by many societal considerations. The purpose of the study is to look at the effect of solar energy adoption on the sustainable environmental performance of the general public sector in Pakistan. Furthermore, green innovation mediates the link of solar energy and sustainable environmental performance. The study used an empirical approach to gather data via a questionnaire administered to employees of grade 17 and above, including the upper management in the electricity industry. The data analysis of the research was carried out using the SPSS program to assess all hypotheses. The analysis's findings indicated that the deployment of solar energy enhances sustainable environmental performance. Also, green innovation plays a partly mediating function between solar energy and sustainable environmental performance. The investigation is crucial for government tasks and may be used extensively for the Pakistani power industry overall uses in business and industry, as well as for mitigating harmful emissions.

This research is designed to check the relationship of Use of Facebook, Student Engagement and Student Retention. Use of Facebook is dealt as independent variables Student Engagement as mediating variable and Student Retention as dependent variable. This is quantitative research. Data is collected 600 respondents with the help of structured questionnaire. Multistage sampling techniques i.e. simple random sampling and Judgment sampling are used for selection of respondents. Results indicate that for direct relationship, Use of Facebook has significant positive impact on Student Engagement and Student Retention respectively. While, Student Engagement is partially mediating the relationship of Use of Facebook with Student Retention. In future, these kinds of researches may also conduct on different sectors like textile sector, telecommunication sector, and health sector. In future, more universities of heterogonous cities will also include for generalization of results.

The term renewable energy has attained the enormous attention in these recent years because of the exhaustion of certain energy resources due to continuous usage, and the resulted pollution caused by use of fossil fuels. At the current time and situation, the adoption of renewable energy sources is a real complicated procedure that is influenced by the multifarious factors of society. Therefore, the aim of study is to investigate the influence adoption of wind energy on the sustainable environment performance on public sector of Pakistan. Furthermore, the mediating green innovation in between wind energy and sustainable environment performance. The study base on quantitative method was used in this study to collect data and information through a questionnaire from officers of grade 17 and above including top managers of power sector. The data analysis in study was conducted by using of SPSS software to test all hypotheses. The findings study showed that the adoption of wind energy has positive influence on sustainable environmental performance. Moreover, the green innovation has partial mediating role in between the wind energy and sustain environment performance. The study highly important for government roles are possible for being implemented at a huge level in the Pakistani power sector for industrial and commercial use and to reduce the environmental pollution.

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective:Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a rare malignancy of unknown histiogenesis. Rarely, primary intracranial alveolar soft part sarcoma has been reported. To review the clinical manifestations, progression and management of this neoplasm was the prime objective of this systematic review.Methodology:A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant review of PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect identified 18 primary intracranial alveolar soft-part sarcoma cases (eight reports, three series; 2000–2024). Case reports and series providing data on clinical presentation, radiological features, surgical management, histopathological findings, and patient outcomes were included.Results:Patients were predominantly female 61.1% (11), with a mean age of 23.3 ± 14.2 years. Headache in 50% (9) and papilledema in 33.3% (6) were common presentations. Frontal lobe involvement was most common in 33.3% (6). Magnetic resonance imaging showed iso+hypointense T1 and iso+hyperintense T2 signals in 22.2% (4) each. Meningioma was the leading differential in 27.8% (5). Gross total resection was achieved in 77.8% (14). Transcription Factor E3 immunopositivity occurred in 55.6% (10) of tumors. Average follow-up was 19.9 months.Conclusion:Surgical resection remains the primary treatment. Transcription Factor E3 immunoreactivity supports diagnosis. Occult extracranial disease should be excluded. Long-term monitoring is essential due to the indolent course of primary intracranial alveolar soft-part sarcoma.

This paper introduces a novel AI-based framework for automated 2D architectural floor plan generation from natural language descriptions, employing graph-conditioned denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPM) integrated with a U-Net architecture. The proposed system transforms user-provided textual specifications of room types, counts, and spatial relationships into structured room-adjacency graphs. These semantic graphs are encoded into compact embeddings and used to condition the diffusion model during the generative process. The framework produces segmented floor plans with clearly labelled architectural components, which are further refined through post-processing into editable 2D layouts. We evaluate our method on the RPLAN dataset and incorporate qualitative assessments from domain experts. Results demonstrate superior performance in generating diverse, semantically valid, and spatially coherent floor plans compared to existing GAN- and transformer-based approaches. This work highlights the effectiveness of combining semantic graph representations with diffusion-based generative models in advancing AI-driven architectural design.

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with chronic myocardial ischemia being a frequent complication.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of chronic myocardial ischemia and evaluate the gastrointestinal bleeding risk in CKD patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Dow University of Health and Sciences in Karachi between January and July 2025. A total of 180 patients with diagnosed CKD who were undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy were chosen for the study. Clinical assessment, laboratory parameters, and electrocardiographic findings were used to evaluate chronic myocardial ischemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding risk was assessed through clinical history, endoscopic evaluation (when indicated), and validated bleeding risk scores.ResultsAmong 180 CKD patients, 74 (41.1%) demonstrated evidence of chronic myocardial ischemia on ECG and clinical evaluation. Gastrointestinal bleeding events were documented in 32 (17.8%) patients, while an additional 46 (25.6%) were classified as high risk for bleeding based on clinical and endoscopic assessment. Patients in advanced CKD stages (Stage 4 and 5, n=110) had a significantly higher prevalence of myocardial ischemia (57/110, 51.8%) and gastrointestinal bleeding risk (31/110, 28.2%) compared to those in earlier stage CKD (Stage 3, n=70; ischemia 20/70, 28.6%; bleeding risk 12/70, 17.1%) (p<0.05).ConclusionChronic myocardial ischemia and gastrointestinal bleeding risk are both highly prevalent in CKD patients undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy. Nearly half of the patients exhibited ischemic burden, while one-fifth experienced bleeding events.

Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its association with cardiovascular complications, particularly QT interval prolongation and arrhythmias, remains underexplored.Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of QT prolongation and cardiac rhythm disturbances in patients with CLD and to explore contributing factors, including liver disease severity, electrolyte abnormalities, and diuretic use.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Warrington Hospital, Warrington, UK, from June 2024 to June 2025. A total of 155 consecutive patients suffering from CLD were added to the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and all participants underwent a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess QT interval.Results: A total of 155 patients with CLD were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 56.3 ± 12.1 years. Out of these, 60% (n = 93) were male, and 40% (n = 62) were female. Fifty-nine (38%) of patients had prolonged QT intervals, with 29 (45%) of those with cirrhosis showing QT prolongation compared to 30 (19%) in non-cirrhotic patients. Electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia (54, 35%) and hypomagnesemia (42, 27%), were more prevalent in patients with prolonged QTc intervals. Arrhythmias were detected in 70 (45%) of patients, with atrial fibrillation being the most common, occurring in 37 (24%). The presence of QT prolongation was significantly associated with an increased incidence of arrhythmias (58% vs. 30%, p = 0.002). Diuretic use was strongly associated with both QT prolongation (p = 0.005) and arrhythmias (p = 0.02). The mortality rate in the study cohort was nine (6%), with higher mortality observed in patients with both QT prolongation and arrhythmias (three, 10%).Conclusion: QT interval prolongation and cardiac rhythm disturbances are highly prevalent in patients with CLD, especially those with cirrhosis and advanced disease. Electrolyte abnormalities and diuretic use were major contributors to these abnormalities.

This paper presents a novel EEG-based learning system designed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of studying by dynamically adjusting the difficulty level of learning materials based on real-time attention levels. In the training phase, EEG signals corresponding to high and low concentration levels are recorded while participants engage in quizzes to learn and memorize Chinese characters. The attention levels are determined based on performance metrics derived from the quiz results. Following extensive preprocessing, the EEG data undergoes several feature extraction steps: removal of artifacts due to eye blinks and facial movements, segregation of waves based on their frequencies, similarity indexing with respect to delay, binary thresholding, and (PCA). These extracted features are then fed into a k-NN classifier, which accurately distinguishes between high and low attention brain wave patterns, with the labels derived from the quiz performance indicating high or low attention. During the implementation phase, the system continuously monitors the user’s EEG signals while studying. When low attention levels are detected, the system increases the repetition frequency and reduces the difficulty of the flashcards to refocus the user’s attention. Conversely, when high concentration levels are identified, the system escalates the difficulty level of the flashcards to maximize the learning challenge. This adaptive approach ensures a more effective learning experience by maintaining optimal cognitive engagement, resulting in improved learning rates, reduced stress, and increased overall learning efficiency. Our results indicate that this EEG-based adaptive learning system holds significant potential for personalized education, fostering better retention and understanding of Chinese characters.

Background: Acute diarrhea remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in children under five, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the use of oral rehydration therapy, prolonged illness duration continues to pose health risks. Zinc supplementation has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy due to its role in immune function and gastrointestinal mucosal repair. Objective: To assess the efficacy of zinc supplementation in reducing the duration and severity of acute diarrhea in children under five years of age compared to standard treatment alone. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted over 12 months in pediatric outpatient departments of Lahore and Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 280 children aged 6 to 59 months with acute diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive either zinc supplementation plus standard treatment (n=140) or standard treatment alone (n=140). Zinc was administered at 20 mg/day for 14 days. Primary outcome was diarrhea duration; secondary outcomes included stool frequency and disease severity using the Modified Vesikari Score. Data were analyzed using t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate regression. Results: Mean diarrhea duration was significantly lower in the zinc group (2.9 ± 1.1 days) compared to the control group (4.2 ± 1.4 days, p=0.001). Stool frequency decreased more rapidly in the zinc group by Day 5 (1.4 ± 0.9 vs. 2.5 ± 1.1, p=0.002). Severity scores were also lower in the zinc group, with 35.0% experiencing mild disease versus 22.9% in controls (p=0.015). Conclusion: Zinc supplementation effectively reduces the duration and severity of acute diarrhea in children under five and should be integrated into routine pediatric diarrhea management protocols in resource-limited settings.