Institute of Professional Innovations

Over the recent few years, extensive research efforts have shifted from normal (n-i-p) to inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to their promising efficiency and operational stability, enabled by low-temperature processing. Despite a fundamentally identical operation principle (only structurally inverted), the optimized perovskite compositions for normal and inverted PSCs differ significantly across the literature, suggesting an underlying design principle for perovskite composition. Here, we unveil the role of cesium cation in enhancing interfacial contact between the perovskite layer and the underlying hole-transporting layer (HTL) in inverted PSCs. Comprehensive in situ and device characterization reveal that cesium incorporation promotes the formation of initial nucleation seeds for heterogeneous nucleation at the perovskite/hydrophobic HTL interface, thereby improving their contact. The resulting compositional heterogeneity explains the focus of recent studies on resolving this issue. This study provides mechanistic insight into designing perovskite compositions to further enhance the performance and longevity of PSCs.

Предмет.В статье рассматривается концептуальная основа исламской модели бухгалтерского учета и основные требования к качеству бухгалтерской информации.Цели.Раскрытие этических основ (нравственных убеждений) исламской модели бухгалтерского учета и определение компонентов финансовой

Small oscillations evolved a great deal from Klein to Robinson. We propose a concept of solution of differential equation based on Euler's method with infinitesimal mesh, with well-posedness based on a relation of adequality following Fermat and Leibniz. The result is that the period of infinitesimal oscillations is independent of their amplitude. Keywords: harmonic motion; infinitesimal; pendulum; small oscillations

In-situ EXAFS combined with a Paris-Edinburgh press (PEP) is an outstanding tool to investigate the local environment of trace elements in melts at high pressure and temperature. A novel design of the pressure assembly ensures a highly stable experimental setup (reaching temperatures of up to 2000 K at 2.5 GPa) while permitting the necessary level of X- ray transmission. This study focuses on the structural incorporation of the geochemically important trace elements Y and Sr in sodium-rich silicate-carbonate melts. Y and Sr K edge EXAFS were collected in transmission mode of the melt (at ∼2.5 GPa, 1600 K) and its respective quench products. Distinct changes in the XANES region suggest a change in site symmetry during the cooling process.

Background: The concept of a blanking period within three months after the first session of radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is widely accepted, but it remains unclear whether this phenomenon is also observed after the second session. We tried to examine the presence of a post second session blanking period, and the factors related to this phenomenon. Methods: Among 549 consecutive patients who underwent an initial AF ablation, 134 (96 males, 63 ± 10 years) received a second ablation procedure, and were followed for 634 ± 421 days thereafter. The patient clinical background, laboratory data, ablation procedures during the second session, and arrhythmia recurrences defined as any episodes of atrial tachyarrhythmias lasting ≥30 seconds were analyzed. Arrhythmia recurrences were classified into two categories: those seen within and after the first three months post ablation, which were defined as early period recurrences (EPRs), and late period recurrences (LPRs), respectively. Results: EPRs and LPRs developed in 28 (21%) and 25 (19%) patients, respectively. Although an EPR was an independent predictor of an LPR (hazard ratio, 8.17; 95% confidence interval 2.97-22.48), 13 of the 28 patients with EPRs (46%) did not experience LPRs, supporting the concept of a blanking period. Compared to the patients with both EPRs and LPRs, those who experienced only EPRs had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (63.1 ± 2.3 vs. 71.3 ± 1.5%, P=0.006) and lower serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level before the ablation session (169 ± 47 vs. 55 ± 12 pg/ml, P=0.015). There were no significant differences in the clinical background, left atrial diameter, amount of RF energy delivered, ablation procedures, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration after the session between these two groups. Conclusion: A three-month blanking period was also recognized after the second session of AF ablation. This phenomenon was related to the better patient cardiac function indicated by the LVEF and serum BNP, but was not associated with other clinical and laboratory parameters, including CRP, and ablation procedures.

We estimate the number of errors corrected by two different ensembles of codes on graphs (generalized LDPC codes), namely codes on regular bipartite graphs and their extension to hypergraphs.