Institute of Slavic Studies

This study investigates the digital afterlife as a set of tools and practices that reconfigure how the dead are remembered and how personhood is understood. The aim is to construct a theological-ethical framework that distinguishes admissible forms of digital memory from impermissible simulations of personal presence. Hypothesis: if posthumous digital services are evaluated through Orthodox theological discernment—especially the distinction between hypostatic personhood and liturgical commemoration — only archival and memorial uses with transparent data governance can be considered permissible, whereas generative «voices» inevitably manufacture a false sense of presence and intensify spiritual and ethical risks. Methodologically, the study combines a comparative reading of contemporary literature in digital ethics and law with a theological-anthropological reconstruction of key concepts and a case-based analysis of representative, literature-documented religious and social practices. The contribution lies in integrating a liturgical perspective with post-mortem data governance regimes and deriving testable rules for service design and deployment. The study’s relevance follows from the rapid institutionalization of the death-tech industry and the growing demand for pastoral and legal guidance. The analysis shows that archival formats and memorial platforms may serve as ancillary instruments under conditions of informed consent, algorithmic transparency, and time-limited operation. By contrast, simulated agents (griefbots, post-mortem avatars) do not extend personal identity and are incompatible with Christian hope in the resurrection; they produce only a statistically plausible voice. Minimum safeguards are proposed: the family’s right to terminate a service and erase data, a publicly available accountability framework, and a ban on presenting imitation as a person’s own speech. The findings support ecclesial practice, expert evaluation, and interdisciplinary research by demarcating cultural remembrance from pseudo-eschatological projects and indicating directions for further empirical validation.

The article is devoted to the initial stage of addressing the problems of the disintegrating Yugoslavia. It demonstrates how the West systematically dismantled the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), exploiting accumulated economic development issues, inter-republican contradictions, and the national question, creating temporary organizations for this purpose. The first of these was the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, which spearheaded the process of dismantling the Federation.

The paper discusses the first results of a linguistic expedition to Slavic communities made in the spring of 2025. The study seeks to to document the Slavic languages of migrants, establish the dialectal basis of the Slavic speech under study, and analyze the preservation and reflection in narratives of dialectal features typical for the region that the first Slavic migrants came from. The fieldwork was done using semi-structured interviews among Polish speakers in São Paulo, Bosnian speakers in Santos (Brazil), Croatian speakers in Santiago, Iquique, and Antofagasta (Chile), Russian, Belarusian, Polish, and Ukrainian speakers in Encarnación, Fram, and Coronel Bogado (Paraguay). All respondents are representatives of economic migration who settled in South America. The degree of influence of foreign language items, their level of adaptation, as well as cases of code-switching were analyzed using the comparative method based on oral interviews and the most representative statements that the respondents made in Slavic languages. The narratives discussed a variety of topics, including the language situation in the past and present, as well as cultural adaptation mechanisms within both spiritual and material aspects of culture. On the one hand, when Spanish and Portuguese words are adapted, phonetic features that are atypical for a specific Slavic language are eliminated. Morphological adaptation occurs by integrating into existing declension paradigms and by eliminating the unusual endings of words in the nominative case. On the other hand, there is interference from other languages. The linguistic competence of respondents varies; still, all of them use Spanish or Portuguese elements. The linguistic situation shows a similar trend everywhere: early on Slavic languages were used for communication within families, whereas today there has been a linguistic shift in favor of Spanish and Portuguese, which calls for preservation of the existing Slavic languages in the region.

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań terenowych prowadzonych w latach 2019–2024, których celem było udokumentowanie dynamiki łączącej trzy kody językowe – niemiecki, polski oraz gwarową mazurszczyznę. Dodatkowym efektem badań było zarejestrowanie ponad stu gwarowych germanizmów stanowiących część mazurskiego zasobu leksykalnego. Gwary mazurskie wywodzące się z mazowieckiej polszczyzny uległy intensywnemu wpływowi języka niemieckiego, co było skutkiem długotrwałych procesów wymiany międzykulturowej, sąsiedztwa, wreszcie kolonizacji niemieckiej oraz nasilających się działań germanizacyjnych, szczególnie w XIX i XX wieku. W badaniach jakościowych, obejmujących wywiady półstrukturyzowane oraz obserwację uczestniczącą, zidentyfikowano liczne germanizmy leksykalne, które w większości odnoszą się do konkretnych przedmiotów codziennego użytku i życia domowego. Wyniki badań wskazują na różnorodność regionalną w zakresie stopnia przyswojenia germanizmów, przy czym najbardziej widoczne są one w południowej części Mazur, w przeciwieństwie do północnej części Mazur, w której co prawda historycznie używano większej liczby germanizmów w obrębie gwar mazurskich, te jednak zachowały się do czasów współczesnych głównie w formie szczątkowych wspomnień. Obecnie lekt mazurski w sytuacjach codziennych używany jest okazjonalnie głównie przez osoby starsze, określane jako „rememberers”, które zachowały wspomnienia pojedynczych elementów leksykalnych bez aktywnego posługiwania się mazurszczyzną na co dzień. Artykuł wskazuje, że te językowe relikty są świadectwem historycznych przemian społecznych oraz współczesnych procesów kształtowania się tożsamości regionalnych, wpisując się w szerszą dyskusję na temat zachowania dialektów oraz regionalnej różnorodności językowej.

The article analyses certain issues related to the problem of translating the Lithuanian lexeme keliolika into Russian. This problem is complex and scientifically fascinating, as Lithuanian keliolika, just like words with a similar meaning in other languages – Polish kilkanaście, Ukrainian кільканадцять, Latvian padsmit – has no single-word equivalent in Russian.

The review presents information about the 17th International Congress of Slavists, which took place in Paris from 25 to 30 August. This text focuses on two particular aspects of the congress: firstly, the participation of the Polish delegation, and secondly, the activity of Poles in the commissions accredited to the International Committee of Slavists. Of the 35 commissions, 11 are chaired by representatives from Poland.

This review aims to discuss Ľubor Králik's latest monograph, which analyzes the etymologies of over 60 Slovak lexemes within the context of Slavic and Indo‑European languages, leveraging contemporary etymological tools and findings. This review aims to discuss Ľubor Králik's latest monograph, which analyzes the etymologies of over 60 Slovak lexemes within the context of Slavic and Indo‑European languages, leveraging contemporary etymological tools and findings. This review aims to discuss Ľubor Králik's latest monograph, which analyzes the etymologies of over 60 Slovak lexemes within the context of Slavic and Indo‑European languages, leveraging contemporary etymological tools and findings.

This article focuses on the analysis of the prerequisites and mechanisms for enforcing annulled decisions of international commercial arbitration. The study relies on the examination of legislative documents, international arbitration practice, and academic works to highlight the procedures and conditions necessary for the enforcement of such decisions. Special attention is given to the role of the New York Convention in this process and its impact on the fair settlement of disputes. Through a comparative analysis of various jurisdictions, the article identifies the main problems and challenges associated with the enforcement of annulled arbitral decisions and suggests recommendations for improving existing practices.

Wars have been fought on land, sea, air, and now in cyberspace. Recently, many States and non-State actors have started engaging in more advanced techniques of launching attacks while relying on digital infrastructure. Cyber warfare is a relatively new domain in which attacks are being launched and there is a need to explore how this area is governed by international law. Currently, there is no treaty that deals specifically with the development and use of cyber warfare, however, the Tallinn Manual, which is a non-binding document, explores the applicability of international humanitarian law (“IHL”) to cyber operations and how they are to be applied. However, there remain several issues within the legal framework suggested which require further clarification, this may even take the form of future state practice in this field. This paper will consider the application of IHL during cyber operations, and the challenges associated with it. It will analyze how IHL regulates cyber operations during an armed conflict and will assess the gaps in the current legal regime. The article will also seek to provide recommendations on how to regulate cyber operations during armed conflicts.