Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal

Introducción: El consumo de alcohol conlleva una gran preocupación para la sociedad actual ya que se considera un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial donde sé considera que el alcoholismo es una enfermedad progresiva y mortal. Objetivo. Determinar la influencia de la espiritualidad en el consumo de alcohol en una población indígena del estado de Tabasco. Método. El estudio tiene un diseño descriptivo, correlacional y predictivo. Resultados. El efecto que destaca en la espiritualidad sobre el consumo de alcohol de una población indígena fue de un 22.5 dando como resultado un efecto negativo y significativo sobre el consumo de alcohol. En lo que respecta a la prevalencia en el consumo de alcohol, en el último año fue del 53.5, de igual forma, los últimos 30 días fue del 33.0. Por último, la prevalencia de consumo en los últimos 7 días fue en el 20.0. Respecto a las frecuencias y porcentajes de los tipos del consumo de alcohol se categorizo como consumo sensato, dependiente y dañino, en la que predomino el consumo dañino con un puntaje de 22.3%. En relación con la correlación de las variables se encontró una correlación negativa significativa entre la espiritualidad y consumo de alcohol. Conclusión. La espiritualidad mostró influencia negativa significativa en el consumo de alcohol indígena, reduciendo prevalencia y tipos dañinos, evidenciando su potencial como factor protector ante un problema de salud pública mundial.

Abstract Pollinator visits to flowers are essential for maximising yield and fruit quality in many economically important crops, including kiwifruit. However, a lack of clear pollination management guidelines, such as visitation frequency thresholds, hinders the opportunity to determine when corrective actions, particularly artificial pollination, should be applied to prevent kiwifruit production loss. To fill this knowledge gap, we estimated pollination deficits in kiwifruit orchards managed under different honey bee densities, with and without artificial pollination. We found that a visitation frequency of approximately 1 honey bee visits flower −1 h −1 maximises fruit set with no detectable additive effect of artificial pollination. Conversely, fruit weight was more demanding as approximately 2.5 visits flower −1 h −1 were needed to reduce quality‐related deficits to near zero. Artificial pollination could aid to increase fruit weight but only under low honey bee densities. These findings highlight the importance of managing pollinator densities to meet flower visitation demands for maximising fruit set and quality and to decide when to apply artificial pollination for optimising kiwifruit production.

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play multiple roles in mediating plant-arthropod species interactions. Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is a well-known HIPV given its effectiveness in attracting parasitoids and predators and its use in biological control strategies. In addition, non-crop vegetation of field margins are important habitats that harbor natural enemies but may fail to increase biological control. Volatiles like MeSA could synergistically interact with field margin vegetation and increase biological control within crops. The present study examines through a field experiment the effects of MeSA (MeSA-exposed versus control plants) and in-field location (near vegetation margins versus field center) on plant-arthropod interactions to enhance biological control of Brassicaceae pests. MeSA-exposed cabbage plants tended to have different volatile compositions than control plants, showing a slight proportional increase in 3-pentanol and the absence of hexenal in MeSA-exposed samples. Herbivore abundance was slightly lower in MeSA-exposed compared to control plants, while in-field location did not influence the second trophic level. Natural enemy abundance and parasitism rates were significantly higher in the field margins than in the center, but the opposite pattern was registered for predation. No MeSA effects were detected on third trophic level species. MeSA altered plant volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and had a slight effect on herbivores, while natural enemies responded solely to field-margin vegetation. Our study highlights the importance of conserving spontaneous vegetation to support parasitoids and underscore the need to study several functional groups and trophic levels for improving biological control. The use of VOCs, integrated with habitat management strategies, represents a complementary approach to enhance pest control. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Hyphal systems have been essential for the morphoanatomical characterization of basidiomes and mycelia of aphyllophoroid fungi for taxonomic purposes. They have also been shown to influence the consistency of basidiomes. Recent developments in areas such as mycelium composite production as sustainable materials have redirected scientists’ attention to these structures, particularly regarding their material resistance, where complex hyphal systems enhance the properties of these composites. Compounds such as farnesol and octenol trigger growth and differentiation processes in many fungal groups, and laccases have been proposed as enzymes involved in these processes, given their roles in the synthesis of cell wall pigments and other cell wall components. Given the easily quantifiable differences in hyphal knots and dimitic mycelium between Fuscoporia torulosa and Inocutis tamaricis, we employed them as models to study their responses to these compounds, thereby helping fill the knowledge gap in the modulation of macrofungal mycelial differentiation. A variable effect was observed on laccase induction, while radial growth was reduced by octenol by up to 83% in F. torulosa and 65% in I. tamaricis, and by farnesol by up to 80% in I. tamaricis, showing slight effects on F. torulosa. Reductions of up to 100% were observed in the combination of high doses of both chemicals.

Abstract Climate change profoundly affects well‐being in complex and interconnected ways. However, the relationship between climate change and well‐being has been explored in only a handful of settings, most of which are industrialized. Here, we investigate the association between perceived climate change impacts, their severity and subjective well‐being (measured as life satisfaction) using cross‐culturally comparable first‐hand reports from 2488 participants across 14 nature‐dependent communities. We find a negative association between site‐aggregated life satisfaction and different metrics of climate change: perceptions of local impacts, reported severity and instrumental measurements. Within sites, individual‐level associations between perceived severity of climate change impacts and life satisfaction are weak or absent. Further analysis suggests that site‐level characteristics play a crucial role in shaping these patterns. This could indicate that it is the overall vulnerability and exposure of a community to climate change impacts, rather than individual experiences that matters most. Our findings offer a nuanced understanding of how climate change impacts relate to well‐being, emphasizing the multidimensional character of climate change impacts and underscoring the importance of local context in shaping these relationships. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.