Instituto Terra e Memória

En este trabajo proponemos un registro de cuevas del sur de Iberia que presentan manifestaciones gráficas paleolíticas compuestas por una variedad de signos, predominantemente digitaciones y puntuaciones, trazos, proyecciones de pigmentos sobre formaciones geológicas, o marcas de color aplicadas sobre la superficie o los bordes de espeleotemas. Se han agrupado bajo el concepto de horizonte anicónico. Las dataciones de series de uranio de la Cueva de Ardales han confirmado la notable antigüedad de algunas de estas manifestaciones. Presentamos las cuevas malagueñas que muestran evidencias de estas representaciones gráficas. Aportamos datos sobre la técnica empleada en los procesos de análisis arqueométrico llevados a cabo dentro del proyecto First Art, y discutimos y evaluamos su marco cronológico y cultural en relación con las sociedades paleolíticas de la región.

Este artigo tem por objetivo abordar as relações entre a ciência cidadã e aspolíticas públicas para democratização e acesso ao conhecimento na área debiodiversidade no Brasil. O Estado brasileiro possui políticas públicas quecontribuem para democratização e acesso ao conhecimento na área de biodiversidade, a exemplo da Política Nacional da Biodiversidade. Contudo, opotencial da ciência cidadã em ampliar o acesso e a escala do conhecimentosobre a biodiversidade, e a dimensão do território brasileiro e sua megabiodiversidade, justificam a formulação e implementação de políticas públicas que apoiem a estruturação e o avanço da ciência cidadã no país.

This study compares the efficiency of petroleum systems in the Santos Basin (Brazil) and the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal), focusing of the geological controls on hydrocarbon accumulation in two analogous microbialite reservoirs. We present a methodology integrating the static elements (source and reservoir rocks, seal, and trap) and dynamic elements (migration and accumulation, tectonic processes, thermal history, diagenesis) of petroleum systems with multiscale characterization from the basin to pore scale. Interpretive diagrams based on geological data analysis and a comparative table of static and dynamic elements were used to evaluate the analogous reservoirs and comprehensively analyze their potential. Salt tectonics played a critical role in the success of the Barra Velha Formation microbialite reservoirs in the Santos Basin, with the evaporite domes providing a highly effective seal for hydrocarbon trapping. In contrast, the Cabaços Formation microbialites in the Lusitanian Basin exhibit poor porosity due to pervasive diagenetic alteration (calcite recrystallization and mechanical compaction) observed at the petrographic scale. However, significant variations in lateral facies within these microbialites, observed at the outcrop scale, suggest potential for less diagenetically altered zones with improved reservoir properties and, consequently, better chances for hydrocarbon storage.

Os campos de concentração em Santa Catarina durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial se diferenciam dos campos de concentração da Alemanha nazista, seguindo os conceitos de campo de concentração de Hannah Arendt, pois seu objetivo não era o extermínio. O presente artigo aborda sobre esses espaços em Santa Catarina, bem como a relação do Estado com as políticas de nacionalização que vão surgir durante o governo de Vargas, sendo que antes desse movimento começar, houve um movimento para trazer esses imigrantes para o Brasil. As políticas de nacionalização eram responsáveis por inflar a perseguição para com os imigrantes de países do eixo, que eram vistos como uma ameaça ao Estado. Ao decorrer do trabalho vamos analisar duas imagens, de homens que foram levados para o presidio Oscar Schneider e como essas imagens são formas de o governo tranquilizar as famílias sobre o bem-estar dos detidos, tática usada para reafirmar que essas prisões eram para o bem-estar da população. O presente artigo é uma análise de imagens sobre os campos de concentração, sendo entendidas a partir dos conceitos aplicados pelos pesquisadores que serão referenciados ao longo do texto.

In European and many African, Middle Eastern and southern Asian populations, lactase persistence (LP) is the most strongly selected monogenic trait to have evolved over the past 10,000 years1. Although the selection ofLP and the consumption ofprehistoric milk must be linked, considerable uncertainty remains concerning their spatiotemporal configuration and specific interactions2,3. Here we provide detailed distributions of milk exploitation across Europe over the past 9,000 years using around7,000 pottery fat residues from more than 550 archaeological sites. European milk use was widespread from the Neolithic period onwards but varied spatially and temporally in intensity. Notably,LP selection varying with levels of prehistoric milk exploitation is no better at explaining LP allele frequency trajectories than uniform selection since the Neolithic period. In the UK Biobank4,5 cohort of 500,000 contemporary Europeans, LP genotype was only weakly associated with milk consumption and did not show consistent associations with improved fitness or health indicators. This suggests that other reasons for the beneficial effects of LP should be considered for its rapid frequency increase. We propose that lactasenon-persistent individuals consumed milk when it became available but, under conditions of famine and/or increased pathogen exposure, this was disadvantageous, driving LP selection in prehistoric Europe. Comparison of model likelihoods indicates that population fluctuations, settlement density and wild animal exploitation-proxies for these drivers-provide better explanations of LP selection than the extent of milk exploitation. These findings offer new perspectives on prehistoric milk exploitation and LP evolution.

<p>Cadaval cave is located in a karstic canyon of the Nabão River, in the right margin of the Tagus River basin, municipality of Tomar, Centre of Portugal. The site encompasses a long stratigraphic sequence from present days to, at least, the Middle Palaeolithic. Major excavations were made during the 1980’s and restarted in 2019 under the scope of the FCT funded project - Moving tasks across shapes: the agro-pastoralists spread from and into the Alto Ribatejo (MTAS), (PTDC/EPH-ARQ/4356/2014).The Holocene sequence has three main sedimentary units: Layer E (without human occupation), Layer D (with Late early to Middle Neolithic necropolis) and Layer C (with a Late Neolithic necropolis). Because of the lack of detailed geoarchaeological studies, the process of deposition and modification of sedimentary layers remains in question, this being very important to better interpret natural vs human dynamics, including site formation processes. For instance, Layer E is supposed to correspond to an earlier Holocene stage (Greenlandian), a period in which other caves from the region have dwelling and funerary occupations. This can be related to the low demographic density at the time, but also to the roof collapse event, an idea reinforced by the presence of some Middle Neolithic burials on the top of some large slabs. Nevertheless, a better characterization of its formation and the degree of anthropic impact in the diagenetic process will allow for a clearer interpretation of this and other situations.The main objective of the first author`s ongoing PhD project is to characterize the Late Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentary processes and the site formation processes of the archaeological record in the basin of the Tagus River, namely assessing its anthropic component.  For this, a detailed geoarchaeological investigation is being carried out in several sites, including Cadaval cave, giving particular emphasis to the use of micromorphology.</p><p>Keywords: Micromorphology, Cave sediments, Neolithic, Stratigraphy, Holocene.</p>

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta informações inéditas sobre os sítios Tupi localizados na Ilha de São Luís – Maranhão, com foco na distribuição espacial e inserção dos sítios arqueológicos na paisagem. A literatura arqueológica associada aos relatos históricos possibilitou sistematizar dados relacionados a 64 sítios arqueológicos, representados por camboas, acampamentos, sítios a céu aberto, dentre outros. A esse respeito tais sítios foram correlacionados com as bacias hidrográficas e a topografia permitindo aferir que a presença Tupi se distribuiu por toda a Ilha de São Luís, legando para posteridade um importante acervo arqueológico que começa a ser conhecido. Abstract: This article presents new information about the Tupi sites located in São Luís Island - Maranhão, focusing on spatial distribution and integration of archaeological sites in the landscape. The archaeological literature associated with historical accounts made it possible to systematize data related to 64 archaeological sites, represented by camboas, camps, open-air sites, among others. In this regard such sites were correlated with watersheds and the topography allowing assess the Tupi presence was distributed throughout São Luís Island, bequeathing to posterity an important archaeological collection that begins to be known.