Instituto de Historia

Evocación personal y cultural sobre la experiencia del cine como patrimonio colectivo y afectivo. Parte de la idea de que la sala de cine y la película eran una sola cosa, indisociables en la memoria, y recorre tanto recuerdos individuales como reflexiones históricas sobre el cine como industria, arte y cultura compartida. Con un tono nostálgico, relata vivencias al salir de distintas salas tras ver películas emblemáticas, resaltando cómo esas experiencias marcaron generaciones y cómo las multisalas actuales han erosionado la dimensión comunitaria de la exhibición. El autor incorpora citas de Peter Handke y referencias a Roland Barthes y Alexandre Astruc, que sostienen la idea del cine como “festival de los afectos” y como una “cultura mezclada” entre industria y arte. El ensayo que combina erudición, memoria y crítica, subrayando la pérdida de singularidad arquitectónica y social de los cines tradicionales frente a la homogeneización contemporánea. Concluye con un listado personal de películas que forman parte de su intrahistoria emocional y patrimonial, presentadas no como canon académico, sino como legado vital. En su conjunto, el texto funciona como un manifiesto personal y cultural que reivindica el valor patrimonial del cine desde la memoria afectiva.

Hippopotamus pentlandi , the endemic dwarf hippopotamus of Sicily, represents one of the most iconic insular large mammals of the Mediterranean Basin. Despite the abundance of fossil remains, its feeding ecology and the environmental conditions of Sicily remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze dental microwear patterns of H. pentlandi teeth from three fossil-rich caves (Maccagnone, San Ciro, and Cannita) to reconstruct its diet and assess potential ecological adaptations. The results indicate a significantly higher number of pits compared to both extant H. amphibius and extinct continental taxa ( H. antiquus , H. gorgops ), suggesting greater ingestion of exogenous grit. The absence of puncture pits excludes a hard fruit feeding behavior, pointing instead toward a grazing diet influenced by increased dust intake. Differences in microwear among localities may reflect variable exposure to open, arid environments across Sicily during the Middle–Late Pleistocene. These findings suggest that H. pentlandi maintained a grazer-like feeding ecology similar to H. amphibius but adapted to drier and more terrestrial conditions, highlighting the role of insularity in shaping feeding behavior and habitat preference within Mediterranean hippopotamuses.

The objective of this study is to examine how experiences with crime, either as a victim or as an offender, influence adolescents’ moral stance toward crime. The data were drawn from the fourth edition of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD4), collected in 92 schools across six cities in Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela, with a total sample of 5,407 students aged 13 to 17. Structural equation modelling showed that previous experiences with victimization or delinquent behaviour had direct effects on adolescents’ current moral posture, assessed through moral beliefs and anticipated shame (if discovered committing a crime). This effect was mediated by closeness to parents and to delinquent peers. The implications of these results are discussed, emphasizing the role that crime prevention may play in shaping adolescents’ moral postures.

Aquest estudi analitza la trajectòria acadèmica i adversitats professionals dels sagnadors del segle XIX a Catalunya, a partir de fonts documentals sobre el cas de Ramon Estradé. Nascut als Omells de na Gaia el 1828, esdevingué un ferm defensor de la consciència professional de ministrants o cirurgians menors i practicants a través de les seves publicacions al periòdic La Voz de los Ministrantes.

Nesta pesquisa sobre a revista cubana Bohemia, examinou-se sua evolução estrutural e editorial desde sua concepção como um semanário cultural ilustrado, não especializado e com um enfoque estético superficial, até sua transformação em um meio multidisciplinar com projeção nacional. Ao longo de suas diferentes etapas, a publicação incorporou novas seções com um jornalismo abrangente sobre temas políticos, sociais e culturais, até se tornar um arquivo vivo da nação. O estudo fundamenta-se na análise documental de edições representativas, entrevistas com colaboradores editoriais e revisão bibliográfica de outros meios de informação. Observa-se como, graças a esse alcance massivo e prestígio acumulado, autores cubanos e estrangeiros confiaram à revista suas criações, muitas vezes inéditas. Mostra-se como, com o triunfo da Revolução Cubana, Bohemia caminhou junto a um processo político humano e tem sido um espaço onde cada avanço e contratempo foram apresentados com análises objetivas. Palavras-chave: Cuba, Bohemia, revista, informação, jornalismo, cultura cubana, história cubana.

ngel Organero Merino, La prisin de Ocaa:

Abstract Understanding formation processes is crucial for interpreting sites with complex sedimentary histories and exceptional archaeological records, such as Level 3 of Des-Cubierta Cave. This Middle Paleolithic unit contains an assemblage of anthropically modified ungulate horned crania, Mousterian lithics, and evidence of fire use, all preserved in a clast-supported gravel deposit shaped by successive rockfalls. This study integrates geostatistical analyses with traditional spatial and taphonomic methods to examine the cone-shaped sedimentary structure that dominates the level and its influence on the spatial distribution and preservation of archaeological materials. The results reveal distinct spatial patterns for geological and archaeological materials, indicating separate formation dynamics. Size-based spatial analyses of boulders characterize the morphology of the conical structure, highlighting size sorting and intensity variations that may indicate sedimentary hiatuses. Bone refitting analysis suggests limited post-depositional movement, with material distribution shaped by the conical sedimentary structure and karst gallery morphology. Variability in crania preservation correlates with proximity to the cone’s apex and elevation, with better-preserved specimens in central areas and more fragmented remains in zones affected by erosive and edaphic processes. These findings underscore the value of integrating geostatistical and traditional archaeological approaches to advance interpretations of spatial and temporal patterns in karst environments and provide a methodological approach for examining sites with similar sedimentary histories. Moreover, the results support the interpretation of a recurrent, culturally motivated Neanderthal behaviour centred on the deliberate accumulation of large ungulate crania, pointing to a symbolic dimension in these practices.

Our knowledge of Chalcolithic copper smelting practices across Iberia is extensive but lacks regional nuance. This prevents an assessment of regional trajectories that may depart from a general ‘Iberian technological tradition’, including their origins and diachronic evolution. This paper contributes to these questions by analysing 3rd millennium BC copper production residues from various sites in Northeast Iberia: Covas Cartanyà, del Buldó, Josefina d’Escornalbou, de l’Heura, and Balma del Duc. Using pXRF, OM, and SEM-EDS, we characterise the ores used and the metallurgical operations conducted (including smelting of copper carbonates, co-smelting of sulphidic and oxidic ores, and melting), and discuss them in relation to their contexts, contemporaneous materials and available lead isotopes data. We reveal Northeast Iberian metallurgy as a distinct and versatile tradition that selectively adopted elements from Southern Iberia and Southern France traditions, and trace the legacy of these idiosyncratic practices in copper and bronze making over two millennia.