Instytut Farmaceutyczny

IntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of mortality and its association with liver cirrhosis remains underexplored. Understanding this relationship is essential to identifying high-risk populations and developing targeted public health interventions.Aims and objectiveTo analyze mortality trends and demographic disparities in NAFLD with liver cirrhosis as a contributing cause using the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) Multiple Causes of Death (MCD) database from 1999 to 2020.MethodologyA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the CDC MCD database to assess mortality trends in individuals aged 25 years and older in the United States from 1999 to 2020. The study included deaths where NAFLD (ICD-10: K76.0) was listed as the underlying cause and liver cirrhosis (ICD-10: K74) as a contributing cause. Data were analyzed by age, gender, race, geographic region, and place of death. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and annual percentage change (APC) were calculated.ResultsA total of 14,383 deaths were recorded. The AAMR for NAFLD with liver cirrhosis showed an increase from 1999 to 2006 with an APC of +20.66 (p<0.05), which further showed an increase between 2006 and 2009 with an APC of +27.60, and then again increased significantly from 2009 to 2020 with an APC of 15.87 (p<0.05). The highest mortality was observed in females, the white population, and metropolitan areas. Temporal trends showed an increase, with disparities noted across demographic and geographic factors.ConclusionThis study highlights significant mortality trends (increasing) in NAFLD with liver cirrhosis, with disparities by gender, race, and location. The findings underscore the need for targeted prevention strategies and improved healthcare access.

Transcription initiation is a multi-step process, in which the RNA polymerase holoenzyme binds to the specific promoter sequences to form a closed complex, which, through intermediate stages, isomerizes into an open complex capable of initiating the productive phase of transcription. The aim of this work was to determine the contribution of the -10 and -35 regions of the promoter, as well as the role of non-specific interactions, in the binding of RNA polymerase and the formation of an active initiation complex capable of transcription. Therefore, fragments of promoter DNA, derived from the strong promoter A1 of the phage T7, containing completely and partially altered elements -35 and -10, and devoid of an upstream region, were constructed using genetic engineering methods. Functional analyses of modified promoter fragments were carried out, checking their ability to form binary complexes with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) and the efficiency of converting binary complexes into triple complexes characteristic of the productive phase of transcription. The obtained results suggest that, in relation to the A1 promoter of the T7 phage, the most important role of the -35 region is carrying the open complex through the next phases of transcription initiation. The weakening of specific impacts within the region -35 is a reason for the defect associated with the transformation of the open complex, formed by a DNA fragment containing the completely altered -35 region, into elongation and the impairment of RNA synthesis. This leads to breaking contacts with the RNA polymerase holoenzyme, and destabilization and disintegration of the complex in the initial phase of productive transcription. This confirms the hypothesis of the so-called stressed intermediate state associated with the stage of transition from the open complex to the elongation complex. The experiments carried out in this work confirm also that the process of promoter localization and recognition, as well as the formation of binary complexes, is sequential in nature, and that the region located upstream of the -35 hexamer, and the hexamer itself, plays here an additive role.

Abstract Aegle marmelos commonly known as the ‘Bael tree’ or ‘Bengal quince’, also termed as ‘Wood Apple’ or ‘Stone Apple’ belonging to the family Rutaceae. As per Hindu mythology, the leaves of the bael are generally offered to the lord Shiva. They are deliberately grown in the vicinity of Lord Shiva’s temples. Its leaves have a long history of use in ayurvedic medicinal system. The primary goal of this study was to assess the utilization of waste leaves, extract essential oils, characterized them, and evaluate their quality for systematic application. Additionally, the research was focused on examining the phyto-chemical composition, bioactivity of oils. The offered leaves from temples were collected and subjected to hydro-distillation in order to estimate the oil yield. An average yield of essential oil was appraised to be 0.69018. The essential oil extracted from the leaves collected from six different regions was subjected to anti-microbial and chromatographic analysis. The oil derived demonstrated potential antimicrobial properties when the efficacy was assessed against various Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast. The data obtained from GC, GC/MS revealed limonene as the major constituent present in the oil. Limonene exhibits diverse phyto-chemical and pharmacological properties which highlight its importance in safeguarding human, animal health, against pathogenic spoilage.

Substancje konserwujące są nieodłącznym składnikiem większości produktów kosmetycznych obecnych na rynku. Ich obecność zapewnia trwałość produktu oraz odpowiednie właściwości i bezpieczeństwo stosowania. Stężenie konserwantów jest ściśle określone i regulowane normami prawnymi. Celem niniejszej pracy była jakościowa analiza wybranych związków o właściwościach konserwujących: parabenów, 2-fenoksyetanolu i alkoholu benzylowego w próbkach kosmetycznych z wykorzystaniem metody 1H NMR, czyli protonowego magnetycznego rezonansu jądrowego i ocena przydatności tej metody w wymienionym celu. Analizie poddano dziewięć produktów kosmetycznych, do których należały toniki, płyny micelarne i szampony do włosów. Badania wykazały, że widma 1H NMR są doskonałym narzędziem do stwierdzenia obecności substancji konserwujących w produktach kosmetycznych. Umożliwiają szybką weryfikację kosmetyków pod względem zawartości badanych substancji.

Visible light-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer and radical coupling reactions have been accomplished using N-fluoro-substituted benzamides.This method exhibits a broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance, giving the corresponding bibenzyl products with generally good yields.Furthermore, this strategy could also be used to N-fluoro-substituted aliphatic amides.

Dialysis is a treatmentthat filters and purifies the blood using a machine. This helps keep your fluids and electrolytes in balance when the kidneys can’t do their job. The clinical pharmacy activities in End Stage Renal Disease and Out Patient Dialysis in Jayabharath hospital Nellore. To evaluate the clinical pharmacy activities in end stage renal disease and outpatient dialysis in a tertiary care hospital. Totally 70-100 patients with ESRD and dialysis in the age group of 30 to 60 enrolled in the study and 70 patients with ESRD where included in the study. Evaluation included thecollection of laboratory data, efficacy assessment of decrease in GFR, persistent proteinuria and kidney failure in ESRD and dialysis and due to clinical pharmacy activities increase life span of patients. Totally 30 subjects had low GFR and 28 subjects had proteinuria. Clinical pharmacy activities significantly reduced the incidence low GFR and Proteinuria to 5 and 7 respectively Clinical pharmacy play a significant role in relieving the symptoms of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and Dialysis. Recent researches and the outcomes of this study have suggested that a more comprehensive investigation must be performed to determine the role of clinical pharmacy activities in ESRD and Dialysis. Clinical pharmacy significantly reduced symptoms of ESRD and Dialysis. Clinical pharmacy significantly reduced symptoms of ESRD and Dialysis. And also, it willbe helpful to patient regarding disease and treatment. It also significantly increased the livebirth rates. Key words: ESRD, Dialysis, GFR, Proteinuria, Kidney failure

Diabetic nephropathy, included in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), is the primary disease leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or dialysis treatment, accounting for more than 40% of all patients with ESRD or receiving dialysis. Developing new therapeutics to prevent the transition to ESRD or dialysis treatment requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of DKD and an appropriate animal model for drug efficacy studies. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes in uninephrectomized db/db mice. In addition, the nephrectomized db /db mice from 10 weeks to 42 weeks were used to assess the efficacy of long-term administration of the angiotensin-II-receptor antagonist losartan. The blood and urinary biochemical parameters, main pharmacological endpoint of the losartan therapy, were periodically measured. And at the end, histopathological analysis was performed. Uninephrectomized db/db mice clearly developed obesity and hyperglycemia from young age. Furthermore, they showed renal pathophysiological changes, such as increased urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) (the peak value 3104 ± 986 in 40-week-old mice), glomerular hypertrophy and increased fibrotic areas in the tubulointerstitial tubules. The blood pressure in the losartan group was significantly low compared to the normotensive Vehicle group. However, as expected, Losartan suppressed the increase in UACR (829±500) indicating the medication was sufficient, but the histopathological abnormalities including tubular interstitial fibrosis did not improve. These results suggest that the uninephrectomized db/db mice are useful as an animal model of the severe DKD indicated by the comparison of the efficacy of losartan in this model with the efficacy of losartan in clinical practice.

Impacted teeth are a fairly common defect with the incidence ranging from 2.9 to 13.7%. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of various treatment modalities in patients with impacted teeth within the frontal segment of the maxilla. The retrospective evaluation covered treatment outcomes in 81 patients with impacted teeth within the aesthetic segment. The subjects were divided into 3 groups. Patients with the impacted tooth uncovered and orthodontically repositioned in the arch were assigned to group 1. Group 2 consisted of patients with the impacted tooth qualified for extraction and the gap augmented and restored with an implant. Group 3 included subjects, who underwent en-bloc autotransplantation of the impacted tooth. In 38 group 1 subjects 47 teeth were uncovered with a mean efficacy of 58.1% (96.3% and 70% in patients below 18 yoa and adults, respectively). The excellent aesthetic treatment outcome was obtained in 75% and good in 25% of patients. In group 2 twenty-six adult subjects were treated with 100% efficacy. In 65.4% of patients, augmentation with a bone block was performed and in the remaining 34.6%, implantation and augmentation with bone granulate. In 88.3% subjects a satisfying treatment outcome was obtained. In group 3 eighteen teeth in a block were grafted with the efficacy of 88.9%. Excellent aesthetics was obtained in 56.25% of cases and good in 31.25%. Orthodontic repositioning of the impacted teeth in the arch in adult patients bears the risk of failure. Surgical treatment modalities in impacted teeth are effective and provide high aesthetics of the treatment outcome improved by prior orthodontic treatment of the concomitant malocclusion and augmentation of the vertical bone atrophy before implantation.