Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Abstract In the fourth of an occasional series of explainers on the statistics and data underpinning our understanding of climate change, Adrian E. Raftery, Andrew Garrett and David B. Stephenson look at how global warming is felt very differently in different parts of the world

ABSTRACTEfficient irrigation management remains a critical global challenge, especially in regions experiencing water scarcity and the adverse effects of climate change. This study addresses these challenges by utilizing decision support systems (DSS) for the simulation and asset management of a pressurized drip irrigation network (PDIN) for avocado cultivation in Uganda, providing valuable insights that can be applied to comparable contexts worldwide. A systematic literature review (SLR) of articles on irrigation network simulation and sustainable management using GIS and RS was conducted. A geo‐referenced hydraulic model and database were created using the QGISRed plug‐in, reducing planning time and minimizing the need for time‐consuming field surveys. The hydraulic analysis was based on the pressure‐dependent demand (PDD) model. The CROPWAT 8.0 model was used to calculate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), resulting in a theoretical gross irrigation requirement (IWGro) of 5348.78 m3 ha−1 year−1. A cost analysis of irrigation water application yielded a value of US$2549 ha−1 year−1, while an economic analysis showed a net present worth (NPW) > 0.0 and a benefit–cost ratio (B/C) > 1.0. Thus, adopting DSS could reduce investment costs and achieve numerous Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including SDG2 (end hunger), SDG12 (responsible consumption) and SDG13 (climate action).

Abstract“What is not prohibited is allowed” is the principle at the heart of international law. Yet the principle is empty. It originates in the Lotus judgment of the Permanent Court of International Justice of 1927 where Turkey was allowed to prosecute a French citizen at the expense of the authority of France to have exclusive jurisdiction. This article recounts the history of “what is not prohibited is allowed” and explains where it has led us astray and where it is in the process of doing so. It recalls that the intention of the creators of the Permanent Court of International Justice was very different, namely that equitable balancing would take place when no specific international law norm could be identified. The article suggests how, through an Advisory Opinion by the International Court of Justice, equitable balancing can be re‐established as the fallback principle when international law is otherwise silent.

Background: Malnutrition poses a global threat to Childhood growth and survival. Coupled with HIV exposure and infection, under-nutrition risk is greatly increased. Infection with HIV results in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome which increases the body’s nutrient requirements and may significantly affect the body composition parameters. This study aimed to review data from published articles to identify the changes in body composition among children under five in sub-Saharan Africa as a result of Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) and HIV exposure
 Materials And Methods: We conducted a systematic review of published articles on body composition, moderate acute malnutrition treatment and HIV exposure among children under five years. Data was searched from PubMed, Ovid-MedLine, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and EMBASE. The review was done as per Cochrane reviews and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses guidelines (PRISMA). The articles were then screened for suitability of inclusion and analysis.
 Results: A total of 1,505 records were identified; 520 articles from PubMed, 535 from Medline and 430 from EMBASE. On the first screening step, 755 duplicate records were removed. Screening the articles by abstract and title led to the elimination of 717 records. Further, 88 records were excluded due to a lack of full-text articles, not related to the topic, no prospective studies and the wrong age group (above five years). We finally ended up with 9 articles that were included for review.
 Conclusions: There is an interrelationship between MAM treatment, HIV Exposure and body composition. Treatment of MAM using standard ready-to-use supplemental foods and locally produced specialized nutritious formulas improves the body composition parameters of children under five years. HIV-exposed infected children exhibit poorer body composition parameters than HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed uninfected children.

ABSTRACT There is a growing body of literature addressing the surge of different types of online harassment (e.g. hate speech, misogyny, racism, religious intolerance, cyberbullying, revenge porn, homophobia, etc.). Yet, despite the undeniable contribution brought by this literature, there is still another aspect that remains underexplored. That is, the interplay between politically motivated hate speech and disability. Furthermore, the potential harm and adverse societal impacts of this type of manifestation can be amplified when triggered by extremist far-right political discourses. Thus, to examine this phenomenon and unpack the embedded meaning of this type of social media discourse, the present study develops a critical discourse analysis on a sample of 160 comments publicly available on YouTube belittling the current Brazil president’s disability (who lost a finger during his youth). The investigation reveals that many social media users find amusement in somebody else’s disability. However, mocking this condition represents a way to remove a person’s value and reduce them solely to their physical or mental impairment, independently of the level of severity. Ultimately, this sort of discursive strategy objectifies the individual, disregards the disability condition and turns them into a laughable object.

Long COVID (LC) affects approximately 45% of COVID-19 survivors, 1 featuring persistent symptoms lasting over 4 weeks without an alternative explanation. 2 The recent development of LC services aims to provide structured or integrated care. 3 Given the current challenges in the UK healthcare system, we explored access to care for people with LC. We compared this to other long-term conditions (LTCs), concerning four filters for accessing care as defined in the Pathways-to-Care model, 4 to inform policy and service planning across diseases and specialities. Those filters include the person's decision to seek care (filter 1), the decision of the General Practitioner (GP) to provide diagnosis and treatment in primary care (filter 2), the GP's decision to refer the patient to specialist care (filter 3), and the arrival of the patient in outpatient specialist care (filter 4). The second filter concerns a complex process combining the patient's perspective of their health problems being recognized by the GP and diagnostic, treatment, or referral actions taken by GPs that indicate that the GP recognized the patient's problem. We expanded this recognition concept to include other healthcare professionals (HCPs) in primary care. We conducted an online survey from April to June 2022 as part of the STIMULATE-ICP-Delphi study. Using snowball sampling, we recruited 283 participants, including patients and HCPs, with experience in LC and LTCs. We incorporated patient and public involvement and used descriptive statistics. The protocol for this Delphi study was

em músculo cricofaríngeo e em glândulas salivares o que garantiram melhora temporária na voz e no controle do fluxo salivar.O processo terapêutico constou com a estimulação da mobilidade da musculatura responsável pela mímica facial e a reintegração das funções estomatognáticas.Em relação à paralisia facial, foram realizados exercícios oromiofuncionais com estimulação térmica fria, massagens tonificadoras e indutoras, seguidas de exercícios isométricos e isotônicos, além de fotobiomodulação e eletroterapia e se mostraram eficientes com melhora da simetria facial.Em relação à voz, pode-se observar melhores respostas à terapia após a tireoplastia, com melhora na coaptação glótica.

In the 30 years since the world began negotiating the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, no one has identified exactly where all that pollution is coming from. That will begin to change next week when Climate TRACE (Tracking Real-Time Atmospheric Carbon Emissions)-a nonprofit coalition of artificial intelligence (AI) specialists, data scientists, researchers, and nongovernmental organizations-releases the first facility-level inventory of the largest known individual sources of the 162 million tons of GHG pollution emitted into the troposphere every day. With thousands of businesses, banks, investors, and 88 nation-states committed to reducing emissions to net zero by 2050, comprehensively tracking progress toward that goal is essential. This is especially important given last week's United Nations Emissions Gap Report indicating that the world is far behind pace for reducing emissions by 2030.

Despite massive market growth, the congruence of cannabis industry practices with sustainability goals and minimizing firms’ internal environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks has not been well assessed. Limited independent evaluations frequently benchmark cannabis companies as having “high” and “severe” ESG risk. Cultivation in Walmart-sized windowless factory farms contributes to particularly intractable environmental impacts, including greenhouse-gas emissions equivalent to three million cars in the US, high indirect water use, significant solid waste production, understudied workplace health risks, and even pressure to extend nuclear power plant lifetimes. Achieving alignment with broader policy goals of net-zero carbon emissions requires that indoor cultivators significantly increase capital expenditures and land use, no examples of which exist at scale. Poor sustainability practices are linked with market frictions and failures, regulatory distortions, lack of transparency, greenwashing, and inaccurate consumer information. Improved practices reduce business risk. Sustainable outdoor cultivation is the only practical way to achieve good environmental ESG metrics and have appeal to impact investors.