International Islamic University Malaysia

Visible-light photocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable tertiary‐treatment option. Within this arena, copper molybdate (CuMoO4) is attractive because of its narrow bandgap enables direct solar harvesting while relying on earth-abundant elements. Yet pristine CuMoO4 suffers from low surface area (< 10 m2/g), rapid electron-hole recombination and Cu2+ photocorrosion, which curb quantum yields and raise secondary-pollution concerns. This mini review critically synthesizes research published between 2019 and 2025 on strategies devised to surmount these limitations. Four major areas are surveyed: (i) morphology engineering that multiplies active-site density and deepens light scattering; (ii) plasmonic or single-atom noble-metal decoration that extends spectral response and accelerates interfacial charge separation via localized surface plasmon resonance; (iii) band-gap and defect modulation through doping or oxygen-vacancy creation, narrowing band gap and introducing long-lived trapping states, and (iv) construction of p-n heterojunctions (e.g., ZnO/CuMoO4, graphitic carbon nitride/copper molybdate (g-C3N4/CuMoO4) that yield order-of-magnitude rate enhancements by spatially separating redox half-reactions. The synthesis approaches, from hydrothermal and co-precipitation to thermal-decomposition and solid-state reactions directly influence crystallinity, morphology and defect chemistry, with optimal hydrothermal conditions (180 oC, 10 h) producing high-purity α-CuMoO4 microspheres and oxygen-vacancy-rich Cu-rich phases delivering up to a 0.5 eV bandgap reduction. Emphasis is placed on correlating structural descriptors with pollutant-mineralization kinetics and on emerging green-synthesis trends. Remaining challenges and research priorities including stability against Cu leaching, scalable fabrication and in-situ mechanistic probes are highlighted to guide future catalyst design. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

The reign of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (24–35 AH / 644–656 CE) represents a formative period in Islamic history, marked by extensive territorial expansion and the emergence of profound internal tensions within the Muslim community. This article examines the social and political factors that contributed to the development of political delegitimisation during the later years of Uthman's rule. Particular attention is given to the role attributed to Abdullah ibn Saba and to the mobilisation of opposition groups in Egypt, Kufa, and Basra. Employing a qualitative historical approach, the study analyses major classical sources, including Tarikh al-Tabari, al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah by Ibn Kathir, and al-Fitnah al-Kubra by Taha Husain, alongside selected modern historiographical interpretations. The analysis demonstrates that the crisis of Uthman's caliphate cannot be explained solely through administrative policies or personal leadership style. Rather, it emerged from an accumulation of socio-political grievances, regional dynamics, tribal competition, and the circulation of ideological narratives that challenged political legitimacy. By situating these factors within their broader historical and social contexts, this study highlights the value of a contextual, multidisciplinary approach to understanding political crisis and authority in early Islamic history.

According to the Islamic law, the consent of the bride is generally crucial and it has significant importance. Under the Hanafi school of law, such consent is a fundamental requirement to the validity of marriage rooted in the principles of dignity, justice, and personal autonomy. The Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act (MMDA) 1951 in Sri Lanka however, although formally acknowledging consent, does not mandate explicit or verifiable procedures such as the bride’s direct verbal affirmation or signature. This omission has generated persistent concerns regarding coerced marriages and the erosion of women’s agency. This article examines the consent of the bride as stipulated by the MMDA through a Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah–based reassessment informed by stakeholder perspectives. Adopting a qualitative socio-legal methodology, the study combines doctrinal analysis of Islamic legal sources, statutory provisions, judicial decisions, and international human rights instruments with empirical data from semi-structured interviews with 10 participants from various backgrounds. The findings reveal a broader consensus among the stakeholders that existing legal framework and its practices inadequately protect women’s autonomy and fail to ensure genuine consent. Drawing on the objectives of Sharīʿah, this article argues that the requirement of explicit consent and documented proof are both Islamically justified and legally necessary. The experience of other Muslim family law jurisdictions support adopting a supra-madhhab approach to reform, aligning the Sri Lankan Muslim family law with contemporary human rights standards, while remaining faithful to Sharīʿah law and its objectives.

HRMARS - Vocabulary acquisition in Arabic language education, especially in primary schools, is still a fundamental and difficult area of teaching due to the complex morphology and abstract linguistic characteristics of the Arabic language. While there is an increase in the adoption of AR-based instruction, little empirical research exists to assess teachers' acceptance and willingness to adopt AR in teaching Arabic vocabulary, particularly within the context of private primary schools. This paper will examine the degree of acceptance and readiness of teachers to incorporate augmented reality into their Arabic vocabulary instruction in private primary schools in Selangor, Malaysia. This study employed a quantitative methodology to collect data from 115 Arabic language teachers through a validated questionnaire based on previously developed technology acceptance and readiness models. Results indicated that teachers had a high degree of acceptance toward the use of AR in Arabic vocabulary instruction, which reflects positively on the perceived instructional value and pedagogical potential of AR. Results also showed that teacher readiness was rated as moderate to high with knowledge readiness being the most prominent dimension, whereas technological infrastructure readiness was rated the lowest. A strong positive correlation was shown between teacher's acceptance and readiness indicating that those who have higher levels of preparedness will have greater acceptance of incorporating AR into their instruction.

Mental health problems among health workers are a growing concern globally, including in Malaysia. Despite the availability of mental health services, some health workers do not seek professional help. This study aims to determine the level of health workers' intention to seek professional help, examine the barriers they perceive, and identify predictors of mental health help-seeking intention. This cross-sectional study involved 470 health workers in the East Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Linear regression analysis was employed to identify the predictors of professional help-seeking intention. The mean score for mental health help-seeking intention was 4.90 (SD = 1.03). Perceived need for help positively predicted help-seeking intention (B = 0.532, p < 0.001), while perceived stigma barriers negatively predicted help-seeking intention (B = -0.588, p < 0.001). Notable barriers perceived included concerns about perceptions of weakness, feelings of embarrassment, a preference for handling problems independently, and challenges in taking time off work. This study highlights the roles of the perceived need for help and perceived stigma barriers in predicting health workers' help-seeking intentions, offering a basis for targeted interventions and policies to enhance mental health support within Malaysian healthcare settings.

This paper investigates the application of Liquid Time-Constant (LTC) networks for solar energy forecasting. Traditional models, such as ARIMA and conventional machine learning techniques, often fail to effectively capture nonlinear relationships and process continuous-time data. We implement LTCs, a continuous-time recurrent neural network, as a novel solution and benchmark their performance against other deep learning models, namely LSTM, GRU and a vanilla ANN. Utilizing a dataset comprising weather variables and solar energy readings, we assess model performance using R-Square, Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The LTC model excels with an R-Square of 0.9820 and MSE of 0.5264, surpassing other models in these metrics, while the LSTM model achieves a slightly better MAE of 0.5543 compared to LTCN's 0.5937. These results highlight the LTC's superior ability to model complex temporal patterns, positioning them as a promising tool for solar energy forecasting with enhanced accuracy over existing approaches.

In aesthetic dentistry, veneer has widely performed cosmetic treatments in dentistry. It has gained increasing popularity due to rising social and psychological demands for improved dental appearance to get the ‘idealized smile’ or ‘Hollywood smile’. This has raised ethical concern on dental treatment of overtreatment. Within Muslim communities, however, these procedures raise important concerns from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). This study aimed to assess the Kuantan community’s knowledge, perceptions, and understanding of veneer treatment within both dental and religious contexts based on clinical photographic given. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted through online platforms. A total of 250 respondents with mean age was 32.8 years (SD = 12.18), with 30% male and 70% female participants. Findings showed that overall knowledge of aesthetic dentistry and veneers was at a moderate level (52%). While 78.8% of respondents agreed that treatment decisions should be guided by intention (niyyah), only 24% correctly identified the hukm of veneers, and 43% remained unsure. No significant associations were found between knowledge and demographic or social variables. Although a significant difference was observed between knowledge and perception, their correlation was weak, suggesting that awareness does not necessarily translate into accurate understanding. These findings highlight limited comprehension of Islamic legal maxims concerning aesthetic dental procedures. While veneers may be permissible when addressing medical or psychological needs, their use solely for beautification remains prohibited. Therefore, a recommendation to broader the educational initiatives needed to enhance understanding of both the clinical and religious aspects of cosmetic dentistry.