International Technology Products

ABSTRACTGrain-based diets (GBDs) are widely used in rodent studies but their utility is limited due to batch-to-batch variability resulting from inconsistent ingredients. Purified diets (PDs) are composed of only known and refined ingredients and offer a solution to the constraints of GBDs. However, unlike GBDs, PDs commonly used as control diets typically contain little to no soluble fiber. We therefore sought to identify a combination of fibers in PDs that best recapitulates the gastrointestinal morphometry and intestinal microbial composition of mice fed GBDs. Adult male mice (n=30) were randomly assigned to one of six diets—two GBDs and four PDs with varying insoluble and soluble fiber composition—for 28 days. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to compare microbial profiles across different gastrointestinal (GI) niches and diets. Gut microbiotas and cecal weights were distinct between mice fed the two GBDs, indicating that GBDs are unreliable controls in diet-based studies. Unexpectedly, intestinal microbial richness decreased as the amount of soluble fiber in the PDs increased and the addition of multiple soluble fibers did not rescue this effect. Mice fed PDs with high soluble fiber content (≥ 75% of dietary fiber was soluble fiber) best recapitulated GI morphometry of mice fed GBDs, but intestinal microbial communities were distinct between PD- and GBD-fed mice. Although supplementing PDs with soluble fiber improved GI morphometry, further research to determine the optimal mixture of soluble and insoluble fibers is required to more closely mirror the intestinal microbial diversity observed in mice fed GBDs.ImportanceDietary fibers are essential for maintaining gut health. Insoluble fibers aid in fecal bulking and water retention while soluble fiber is a fermentative substrate for intestinal microbial communities. GBDs are commonly used in preclinical research but the variability in ingredients across batches impedes reproducibility. PDs, which are composed of highly refined ingredients, pose a potential solution but the most widely used low-fat control PDs contain no soluble fiber. This study intended to identify a PD with a combination of fibers that promotes murine gut health and microbial diversity. A PD with optimal fiber composition would aid in the standardization and reproducibility of studies investigating intestinal physiology and the gut microbiota.

Innovation is leading to several new technologies in ICT every year — while mobile phones and the Internet where the leading innovation in the ICT-sector of the 1990s, now the integration of those networks is more important. Due to increasing bandwidths and new wireless technologies more services can be provided by actual data networks. This essay is showing latest developments in ICT and discusses their importance for spatial planning because of their power to influence or even change spatial stuctures.

Ten patients with encephalitis disseminata and 10 patients with cerebral ischemia underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. The results before and after the application of contrast media were compared. It is shown that T1-weighted MRI images, even after application of gadolinium-DTPA, are of little value for differential diagnosis of these diseases. In contrast, T2-weighted images did support the diagnosis of an acute stage of encephalitis disseminata versus acute ischemia. This was also true for lesions that had not been adequately depicted by computed tomography.

Die Erfahrungen mit den Realdaten eines Unternehmens der Elektroindustrie zeigen, das die Anwendung der Clusteranalyse fur die Untersuchung von Produktspektren sinnvoll sein kann. Positive Ergebnisse wurden insbesondere bei Untersuchungen zur Neuordnung der Fertigungsstruktur erzielt. Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschreibt Vorgehensweise und Ergebnisse der Cluster-Analyse bei ihrer praktischen Anwendung auf die fertigungstechnologische Produktanalyse anhand eines Beispiels mit gemischten Daten.