International University College Of Technology

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping academic practice across research and learning. To address fragmented evidence, this review aims to (i) map commonly used academic AI tools, (ii) synthesize reported effects on research and learning performance, and (iii) outline risks and governance needs. We conducted a qualitative content analysis using publicly available “materials,” including official tool documentation and websites, major academic databases , and user reports; records were screened for relevance to higher education and research, data were charted on features, use-cases, and ethical considerations, and tools were categorized into five domains: AI writing assistants; literature-review & citation tools; data analysis & visualization; productivity & organization; and learning & tutoring. Main results show comparative feature tables that support tool selection and consistent benefit signals: higher research efficiency and writing support, and within education—greater engagement and personalization; persistent risks include academic integrity, privacy, bias, and over-reliance, implying the need for clear governance and assessment design. Verification relied on human fact-checking against primary sources and consistency checks across categories; the review is exploratory and descriptive and doesnot include benchmarking or controlled experiments.

In recent years, with the widespread application of Vision Transformer (ViT) in visual trackers, their robustness has received increasing attention. However, by focusing on global interactions between image patches, ViT reduces sensitivity to local noise, posing new challenges for adversarial attacks. Meanwhile, existing decision-based adversarial attack methods often overlook the differences in noise sensitivity between different patches, further limiting the compression efficiency of adversarial noise, especially in ViT. In visual tracking, existing adversarial attack methods primarily target Siamese network-based trackers, and research on adversarial attacks against Transformer-based trackers, particularly decision-based black-box attacks, is still relatively limited. To implement effective black-box attacks on Transformer-based trackers, this paper innovatively proposes patch-based adversarial noise compression (PANC), a decision-based adversarial attack method. This method effectively compresses adversarial noise patch by patch, significantly improving compression efficiency and attack concealment. PANC also introduces a noise sensitivity matrix that dynamically adds and reduces adversarial noise, optimizing the spatial distribution of noise while decreasing the number of queries. We validated the effectiveness of the proposed PANC attack method on several Transformer-based trackers, including OSTrack, STARK, TransT, and MixformerV2, and three public large-scale benchmark datasets: GOT-10k, TrackingNet, and LaSOT. Experimental results show that compared to the existing state-of-the-art adversarial attack method, the IoU attack, PANC compresses the noise level to 10%, improving the attack effectiveness by 162% with the number of queries of only 45.7%. Furthermore, PANC can serve as an initialization or post-processing optimization strategy for other adversarial attack methods, providing a more flexible and efficient mechanism for adversarial example generation. Our work reveals the vulnerabilities of existing Transformer-based visual trackers and offers new ideas for further improving the efficiency and concealment of adversarial attacks.

Offshore oil and gas exploration contributes to global energy supplies. Still, it also poses significant environmental challenges, particularly concerning its impact on onshore climate patterns. This paper reviews how offshore oil and gas activities contribute to alterations in coastal and onshore climates, examining both direct emissions and broader environmental effects. By analyzing case studies from different regions, such as the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, and exploring policy frameworks and mitigation strategies, this review provides an in-depth understanding of the implications of offshore exploration on climate and ecosystems. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for sustainable practices to minimize these impacts

Background Despite the growing literature on left behind parents, gender impact on left behind parents remains limited.This study addresses the research gap by understanding the impact, challenges, and coping mechanisms of left behind parents different from each other.Method This study is based on the qualitative approach based on 7 personal interviews consisting of 2 father and 5 mother direct from the left behind parents in Uttar Pradesh, the largest population state in India.Thematic analysis was used on NVivo.Findings The findings underscore how the mother and father have experienced distinct impacts, challenges, and methods for coping.While mothers have more significant social interaction, fathers gain respect from the community.Despite these benefits, both parents face emotional distress from their children's migration.Conclusion The study explores the gap in the current literature on gender-based impact on left behind parents.The parents are emotionally void, but their social and economic perceptions are different from each other.Future studies might consider quantitative methods and the long-term emotional impact of migration on left behind elderly parents.This research suggests developing policies that cater to the particular needs of elderly parents based on their gender rather than viewing them as homogeneous.

This study explores the economic impact of international labour migration on leftbehind families in India, focusing on families as cohesive units rather than individual members.Despite the significant role of remittances in improving household incomes and living standards, there is a gap in understanding how migration affects families collectively, particularly in the context of India, a leading source of international migrants.The research problem stems from the mixed economic outcomes of migration, where remittances provide financial benefits but also lead to challenges such as labour shortages and increased unemployment.To address this, a qualitative study was conducted in Uttar Pradesh, India, involving in-depth interviews with seven participants from families of international migrants.The findings reveal that remittances significantly enhance financial stability, improve living standards, and enable investments in education and property.However, the study also highlights the dependency of families on remittances and the lack of collective decisionmaking in migration.These findings are important as they provide insights into the economic dynamics of left-behind families, offering a foundation for policymakers and stakeholders to develop targeted interventions.The study benefits policymakers, NGOs, and researchers by shedding light on the collective economic experiences of migrant families, emphasizing the need for holistic support systems to address both the financial and social challenges faced by these households.

Urban management is evolving rapidly to meet the demands of changing lifestyles, emerging challenges, and future developments. Effective urban governance is crucial for upholding democratic principles, and this study aims to explore potential scenarios for improving governance in Urmia, Iran. Using an applied approach, the research combines documentary research and survey methods to analyze the future of good urban governance. A panel of 35 urban planners, city managers, and researchers was selected through snowball sampling for identification of key factors as one of the main purposes of conducting interviews in this study. The Delphi method was employed for data collection, and scenario development was facilitated using the Scenario Wizard software. The analysis identified 36,864 possible scenarios for the future of good governance in Urmia city, with three demonstrating strong compatibility and 589 showing poor compatibility. One of the key challenges facing Urmia city is the lack of social justice in the distribution of services by municipal management institutions across urban areas. The unequal allocation of resources and facilities is a direct result of varying political powers and influences. The study suggests 8 key factors that embracing urban foresight and implementing scenario planning can help Urmia address these challenges and create a city that truly serves the needs of its residents.

Pondok Pesantren Al-Gontory, Malaysia, sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam, menghadapi tantangan dalam mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai keislaman dengan perkembangan zaman yang semakin modern. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam kepada para santri mengenai sinergitas antara nilai-nilai keislaman dan kemodernan, sehingga mereka dapat lebih terbuka terhadap perubahan zaman tanpa kehilangan jati diri Islam. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah memperkenalkan dan menguatkan pemahaman santri tentang sinergitas antara nilai-nilai keislaman dan kemodernan di Pondok Pesantren Al-Gontory. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah Participatory Action Research (PAR), yang melibatkan partisipasi aktif para santri dalam setiap tahap kegiatan, mulai dari perencanaan hingga evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman santri sebesar 65% berdasarkan pre-test dan post-test, serta tingginya partisipasi dengan 90% santri hadir dan aktif berdiskusi dalam seminar. Para santri juga menunjukkan antusiasme tinggi dalam merumuskan penerapan konsep ini dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan menjadi langkah awal dalam mengembangkan pemahaman yang lebih luas tentang hubungan antara agama dan kemajuan zaman, serta mendorong implementasinya secara nyata dalam keseharian santri.