InternetSpeech (United States)

With the rapid growth of e-Services (e-Learning, e-Health, e-Gov, e-Farming and the like), it is important that everyone can access such valuable services and get associated benefits. While such services are accessible and widely used by most educated people having access to the Internet via computers or high end phones, such services are not accessible by many people on the other side of the Digital Divide, namely, illiterate people, people having no access to a computer or high end phone, elderly people and people with disabilities. In this paper, we propose Voice Internet based e-Services that uses a state of the art “rendering” technology to convert existing e-Service application content into Short, Precise, easily Navigable, Meaningful and pleasant to listen to content in real time. Such “rendering” technology also supports voice based easy natural interaction with the e-Service applications by allowing to fill various on-line forms.

There is a gap between single-species model predictions, and empirical studies, regarding the effect of habitat fragmentation per se, i.e., a process involving the breaking apart of habitat without loss of habitat. Empirical works indicate that fragmentation can have positive as well as negative effects, whereas, traditionally, single-species models predict a negative effect of fragmentation. Within the class of reaction-diffusion models, studies almost unanimously predict such a detrimental effect. In this paper, considering a single-species reaction-diffusion model with a removal -- or similarly harvesting -- term, in two dimensions, we find both positive and negative effects of fragmentation of the reserves, i.e. the protected regions where no removal occurs. Fragmented reserves lead to higher population sizes for time-constant removal terms. On the other hand, when the removal term is proportional to the population density, higher population sizes are obtained on aggregated reserves, but maximum yields are attained on fragmented configurations, and for intermediate harvesting intensities.