Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami

IntroductionIndigenous Peoples are not always engaged in setting health priorities and decry misapplication and misinterpretation of their data. Indigenous data governance and sovereignty can help overcome these issues, but they are variably implemented across Nations. Public health data governance is uniquely challenging, with implementation gaps presenting an exciting opportunity to define and remove barriers at all levels of government.MethodsWe sought to identify barriers (what) and facilitators (how) to implementing a local data governance plan with the goal of increasing Innu participation in public health. Working with two First Nations in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and supported by strong relationships, 18 participants who work with Innu health data across federal, provincial and Innu jurisdictions were interviewed and participated in group discussions to produce rich qualitative data on the subject. The research plan was led by the First Nations.ResultsParticipants identified that size and organisation matter to data governance, and novel partnerships must be considered to achieve the economies of scale necessary for infrastructure. Public health data have multiple custodians and require governance across multiple jurisdictions. Creating a round table (a space for dialogue among equals) to guide the appropriate collection, use and reporting of locally relevant public health data has emerged as an actionable recommendation. In this model, public health data were viewed as co-created by all parties, while Innu led analysis and interpretation. Barriers to data governance included the complexity of accessing data, lack of space to meet as equals, lack of common goals, mistrust and racism. Facilitators included the recognised need for an adequately resourced Innu Health Data Office, communication, trust and good relationships.ConclusionFor Innu, data governance advances self-determination, potentially redressing the current inequitable distribution of power in public health planning. Describing the challenges Innu face in operationalising public health data governance and strategies to overcome them may be generalisable to other Indigenous Nations attempting to do the same, especially those with small populations.

TK Harapan Bunda merupakan salah satu TK negeri di Balikpapan yang menghadapi permasalahan terkait rendahnya minat baca siswa dan kesadaran lingkungan, serta belum optimalnya perkembangan soft skill siswa. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh minimnya fasilitas pendukung seperti ruang belajar, buku bacaan, alat permainan edukatif, dan media pembelajaran lainnya. Program pengabdian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dengan membangun sarana belajar di ruang kosong sekolah, serta menyelenggarakan kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan minat baca, kreativitas, dan kesadaran lingkungan siswa. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi pembangunan pojok baca yang dilengkapi rak buku, buku cerita, buku menghitung, mainan puzzle dan balok, serta alat mewarnai. Selain itu, diadakan pelatihan daur ulang sampah menjadi kotak pensil yang dihias siswa untuk mengajarkan pentingnya pelestarian lingkungan. Lomba mewarnai juga diselenggarakan untuk menstimulasi kreativitas dan mengembangkan motorik halus anak. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan, dengan minat baca siswa mencapai 83,33%, kesadaran lingkungan 91,67%, kreativitas 83,33%, serta perkembangan soft skill seperti kesabaran, ketelitian, dan koordinasi mencapai 76-93,33%. Peningkatan ini menandakan tumbuhnya minat belajar dan kesadaran akan pentingnya pelestarian lingkungan.

ABSTRACT Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in Canada and a leading cause of cancer mortality. Lung cancer also affects First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples significantly in Canada, which deserves further investigation as there is a literature gap on this topic. We sought to develop a deeper understanding of lung cancer diagnosis, incidence, mortality, and survival in First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples in Canada. A systematic search was conducted in bibliographic databases to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and March 2023. Articles were screened and assessed for relevance using the Population/ Concept/ Context (PCC) framework. A total of 22 articles were included in the final analysis, of which 13 were Inuit-specific, 7 were First Nations-specific, and 2 were Métis-specific. The literature suggests that comparative incidence, mortality, and relative risk of lung cancer is higher and survival is poorer in First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples. Lung cancer also has varying impact on these population depending on sex, age, location and other factors. This review illustrates that more comprehensive quantitative and qualitative lung cancer research is essential to further identify the structural causes for the high incidence of the disease.

Ikan merupakan sumber makanan yang mudah diperoleh di indonesia, ikan tidak hanya dapat ditemukan di sungai dan di laut saja. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi ikan dapat dibudidayakan di rumah dengan lahan yang terbatas. Dalam budidaya ikan, kualitas air memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap produksi ikan. Terdapat beberapa parameter yang dapat dijadikan acuan bahwa air dikatakan memiliki kualitas yang baik yaitu suhu air, pH air, dan kekeruhan pada air. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan ESP32 sebagai mikrokontroler untuk memproses pembacaan sensor suhu DS18B20, sensor pH, dan sensor TDS pada akuarium, dengan data yang dapat dimonitoring melalui LCD dan smartphone. Pada alat ini dapat mengatur ON/OFF pompa berdasarkan parameter kondisi air yang telah ditentukan. Hasil perbandingan antara akuarium yang menggunakan smart akuarium dan akuarium yang tidak menggunakan smart akuarium menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan smart akuarium lebih efektif dalam menjaga kualitas air (pH 6.8, suhu 29.4ºC, kekeruhan 96 ppm) sedangkan tidak menggunakan smart akuarium (pH 3.5, suhu 28.9ºC, kekeruhan 178 ppm). Penggunaan smart akuarium juga lebih efisien karena hanya mengonsumsi rata-rata 64.6 watt per hari dengan biaya bulanan Rp 2.798, dibandingkan dengan pompa kontinyu yang mengonsumsi 324 watt per hari dengan biaya bulanan Rp 14.035. sehingga pompa yang dikendalikan oleh smart akuarium dapat lebih baik dalam menjaga kualitas air dan menghemat pengeluaran biaya penggunaan listrik.

Intraspecific functional variation is critical for adaptation to rapidly changing environments. For visual opsins, functional variation can be characterized in vitro and often reflects a species’ ecological niche but is rarely considered in the context of intraspecific variation or the impact of recent environmental changes on species of cultural or commercial significance. Investigation of adaptation in postglacial lakes can provide key insight into how rapid environmental changes impact functional evolution. Here, we report evidence for molecular adaptation in vision in 2 lineages of Nearctic fishes that are deep lake specialists: ciscoes and deepwater sculpin. We found depth-related variation in the dim-light visual pigment rhodopsin that evolved convergently in these 2 lineages. In vitro characterization of spectral sensitivity of the convergent deepwater rhodopsin alleles revealed blue-shifts compared with other more widely distributed alleles. These blue-shifted rhodopsin alleles were only observed in deep clear postglacial lakes with underwater visual environments enriched in blue light. This provides evidence of remarkably rapid and convergent visual adaptation and intraspecific functional variation in rhodopsin. Intraspecific functional variation has important implications for conservation, and these fishes are of conservation concern and great cultural, commercial, and nutritional importance to Indigenous communities. We collaborated with the Saugeen Ojibway Nation to develop and test a metabarcoding approach that we show is efficient and accurate in recovering the ecological distribution of functionally relevant variation in rhodopsin. Our approach bridges experimental analyses of protein function and genetics-based tools used in large-scale surveys to better understand the ecological extent of adaptive functional variation.

A daily consumption of cranberry juice (CJ) is linked to many beneficial health effects due to its richness in polyphenols but could also awake some intestinal discomforts due to its organic acid content and possibly lead to intestinal inflammation. Additionally, the impact of such a juice on the gut microbiota is still unknown. Thus, this study aimed to determine the impacts of a daily consumption of CJ and its successive deacidification on the intestinal inflammation and on the gut microbiota in mice. Four deacidified CJs (DCJs) (deacidification rates of 0, 40, 60, and 80%) were produced by electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM) and administered to C57BL/6J mice for four weeks, while the diet (CHOW) and the water were ad libitum. Different parameters were measured to determine intestinal inflammation when the gut microbiota was profiled. Treatment with a 0% DCJ did not induce intestinal inflammation but increased the gut microbiota diversity and induced a modulation of its functions in comparison with control (water). The effect of the removal of the organic acid content of CJ on the decrease of intestinal inflammation could not be observed. However, deacidification by EDBM of CJ induced an additional increase, in comparison with a 0% DCJ, in the Lachnospiraceae family which have beneficial effects and functions associated with protection of the intestine: the lower the organic acid content, the more bacteria of the Lachnospiraceae family and functions having a positive impact on the gut microbiota.

ObjectivesFirst Nations may have a higher risk of contaminant exposure from the consumption of traditional foods. The objective of this study was to measure concentrations of metals and organochlorines in traditional foods commonly consumed by First Nations in Canada and estimate the risk from dietary exposure.MethodsData were collected from the participatory First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018). Traditional food samples were collected by community members and concentrations of metals and organochlorines were measured. The population-weighted mean daily contaminant intake from traditional food items was estimated. Hazard quotients (HQs) were calculated by dividing contaminant intake with the toxicological reference values (TRVs).ResultsA total of 2061 food samples (different parts and organs) from 221 species were collected. The highest concentrations of cadmium were found in the kidneys of land mammals: moose kidney was the most significant contributor to intake. The meat of land mammals and birds had the highest lead concentrations and were the most significant contributors to intake. Arsenic was highest in seaweed, and prawn was the most significant contributor. Mercury and methyl mercury were highest in harp seal meat, with walleye/pickerel contributing most to intake. Harp seal meat also had the highest p,p′-DDE and PCB concentrations, and ooligan grease and salmon were the most significant contributors to intake. The percentage of adults eating traditional food who exceeded the TRVs was 1.9% for cadmium, 3.7% for lead, 13.6% for arsenic, 0.7% for mercury, and 0% for p,p′-DDE and PCBs. All median HQs, and most 95th percentile HQs, were less than 1.ConclusionThese results can be used as a baseline of contaminant levels and exposure in traditional foods for future monitoring programs and to support risk assessment programs.

ObjectiveWe previously examined the associations between dietary dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) intake from fish consumption and type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence in Ontario and Manitoba. This study aims to further explore the relationship in a regionally representative sample of First Nations adults living on-reserve across Canada.MethodsDietary, health and lifestyle data collected by the cross-sectional First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018) were analyzed. This participatory study included 6091 First Nations adult participants who answered questions on T2D. The consumption of locally caught fish was estimated with a food frequency questionnaire. A total of 551 samples from 96 fish species were collected and analyzed for the presence of DDE and PCBs. The associations between fish and dietary DDE/PCBs intake with self-reported T2D were investigated using multiple logistic regression models adjusted for confounders.ResultsDietary exposure to DDE (>2.11 ng/kg/bw) and PCBs (>1.47 ng/kg/bw) vs no exposure was positively associated with T2D with ORs of 2.33 (95% CI: 1.24–4.35) for DDE and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.01–3.59) for PCBs. The associations were stronger among females (DDE OR = 3.11 (1.41–6.88); PCBs OR = 1.76 (1.10–3.65)) and older individuals (DDE OR = 2.64 (1.12–6.20); PCBs OR = 1.44 (1.01–3.91)) as compared with males and younger participants. Also, significant dose-response relationships were found for fish consumption in females only.ConclusionThis study confirms our previous findings that dietary DDE/PCBs exposure may increase the risk of T2D. The effect of DDE/PCBs from fish consumption is driven by geographical differences in DDE/PCBs concentrations in fish and by the amount of fish consumed, and is more prominent in females than in males.

The author, an Indigenous physician, offers his reflections on the history of scientific research with Indigenous People and its past role in ethical breaches and excesses of colonialism, as a backdrop to the relatively recent advances in collaborative, community-based participatory research involving First Nations and Inuit in Canada. The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018), introduced in this Special Issue, is presented as an example of an ethical space that was sustained for a decade to collaboratively develop new knowledge by First Nations and scientists working together, respectfully and inspired by shared interest. A short overview of twelve articles of the Special Issue is provided and characterized as creating a previously inaccessible picture of the modern diets of First Nations, along with the suite of environmental factors that are present in food and water in and around communities. Ultimately, the author hopes that Canadian society can set the table with Indigenous Peoples and respectfully set opinions onto each other and do this over and over again. With Canada already being a multicultural and pluralistic society, adding Indigenous realities into the mix only respects and honours the Indigenous roots of this country.

This overview of systematic reviews examined the effect of balance and functional strength training on health outcomes in adults aged 18 years or older, to inform the Canadian 24-hour Movement Guidelines. Four electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews published between January 2009 and May 2019. Eligibility criteria were determined a priori for population (community-dwelling adults), intervention (balance and functional training), comparator (no intervention or different types/doses), and outcomes (critical: falls and fall-related injuries; adverse events; important: physical functioning and disability; health-related quality of life; physical activity; and sedentary behaviour). Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility and performed AMSTAR 2 assessment. One review was selected per outcome. Of 3288 records and 355 full-text articles, 5 systematic reviews were included, encompassing data from 15 890 participants in 23 countries. In adults 65 years and older, balance and functional training and Tai Chi reduced the rate of falls and the number of people who fell, and improved aspects of physical functioning and physical activity. The effect on health-related quality of life and falls requiring hospitalization was uncertain. While inconsistently monitored, only 1 serious adverse event was reported. No evidence was available in adults under age 65 years. Included systematic reviews and primary evidence reported by review authors ranged in quality. Overall, participation in balance and functional training reduced falls and improved health outcomes in adults 65 years of age and older. PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019134865. Novelty This overview informs updated guidelines for balance training in adults. Balance and functional training reduced falls and improved health outcomes.