Iris Technology (United States)

2D Phosphorus-Arsenic Alloys Two-dimensional black phosphorus-arsenic alloys are produced by high energy collisions between grinding media during mechanochemical synthesis. Photoexcitation with a green laser results in red light emission indicating the exfoliated few-layer suspensions are suitable for visible and near-infrared photonic applications. More information can be found in article number 2200038 by Brian J. Jaques and co-workers.

For coal-fired boilers equipped with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) NOx reduction technology, direct catalyst cost contributes to a major operating expense. Decisions regarding catalyst management have other significant impacts to generating cost, including outage time and frequency and parasitic load. Strategies for minimizing the impact to total generating cost while preserving system performance — generally referred to as catalyst management — are receiving greater attention. Approaches to managing catalyst can vary widely. Therefore, analysis of catalyst management strategies requires accurate predictive tools for assessing SCR system performance that have the flexibility to address a wide range of scenarios. These predictive tools may also be used to investigate performance issues that facility operators may encounter. However, until recently, operators have not had access to these tools, except through catalyst suppliers or consultants. In this presentation, various catalyst management strategies will be examined. Using an analysis tool recently adopted by several power plant operators and SCR technology suppliers, we will illustrate how such a tool can be used to optimize a catalyst management strategy to minimize the total cost of generation. Comparisons of model results to measured SCR performance at operating facilities will be presented. The model will be used to show operating trade offs for SCR operating parameters, such as NOx reduction, ammonia slip, catalyst outage frequency, catalyst usage, and parasitic load under a variety of scenarios. We will also discuss how the tool can be used to diagnose operating problems.

The rapid growth of the Internet and the demand for carrying mixed mode traffic to deliver the commodity services, voice and data, at reasonable cost, to end users has put new pressures on the designers of switches and routers. The traditional architectures of routers with shared memory or crossbar are inefficient and fall short in their ability to meet this challenge. The need for faster optical switches fuelled by this rising demand is fraught with risks and fundamental physics problems that need to be addressed. We first examine the problem of designing a switch fabric that forms the core of the router as a multivariate optimization problem and in that context examine the limitations of the traditional crossbar or shared-memory approaches. We present a novel architecture that utilizes a combination of both space and time division multiplexing to deliver higher orders of throughput for a given switch size.

We present mathematical models that determine the optimal parameters for strategically routing multidestination traffic in an end-to-end network setting. Multidestination traffic refers to a traffic type that can be routed to any one of a multiple number of destinations. A growing number of communication services is based on multidestination routing. In this parameter-driven approach, a multidestination call is routed to one of the candidate destination nodes in accordance with predetermined decision parameters associated with each candidate node. We present three different approaches: (1) a link utilization (LU) approach, (2) a network cost (NC) approach, and (3) a combined parametric (CP) approach. The LU approach provides the solution that would result in an optimally balanced link utilization, whereas the NC approach provides the least expensive way to route traffic to destinations. The CP approach, on the other hand, provides multiple solutions that help leverage link utilization and cost. The LU approach has in fact been implemented by a long distance carrier resulting in a considerable efficiency improvement in its international direct services, as summarized.