Islamic Azad University Shabestar

The study of the impact of nanotechnology applications in architecture, its role in the development of building performance and its impact on the formation of sustainable architecture, is the result of decades of research and development of nanotechnology and its applications for buildings. Sustainable development has been of great interest in recent decades and has always been considered as one of the important topics in new sciences and technologies. Nowadays, various technologies are used to create more comfort and save costs, especially in the consumption of energy resources, on the other hand, by using nanotechnology, logical and appropriate solutions can be invented and presented in the construction industry to provide human comfort conditions. Therefore, this research focuses on investigating the different types and shapes of nanomaterials and their applications in construction and various supplementary materials. In addition to the study of the foundations and factors that determine their application in architecture and their impact on the overall shape and development of the building's performance. This includes understanding the functional and economic aspects and the aesthetic and environmental enhancement of buildings. It also sheds light on the role of nanotechnology applications in saving and rationalizing energy consumption, preserving it, increasing the effectiveness of fire resistance, reducing costs, and maintaining and extending the life of buildings. The benefits of using nanomaterials in architecture and their impact on them were discussed. It mainly affects buildings in terms of performance, performance, operation, formation, and the interior and surrounding environment of the building. It helps to achieve buildings with appropriate architectural figures, high performance, and low costs to achieve distinctive architectural designs with a unique aesthetic appearance. Finally, the architectural designer should pay attention to the selection of nanomaterials used in buildings and their places of application to create distinctive forms and facades. In general, the results showed that increasing awareness of modern technologies and nanotechnology leads to improved building efficiency.

The growth of urban population as a result of economic and industrial development has transformed our habitat from a prosperous place to one of careless resource consumption. On the other hand, long-term climate change, i.e., global warming, has had an adverse impact on our resources. Some resources are on the verge of being depleted due to climate change and indiscriminate consumption of resources, unless serious measures are implemented immediately. Building sector whose contribution to urban energy consumption Significantly higher, is a key player that may successfully solve the problem. In this paper, the impact of climate change on building energy demand and thermal comfort in buildings has been examined. Currently, most countries are grappling with the dual challenge of reducing greenhouse gases and climate change in the building sector. However, their efforts in addressing this challenge and stabilizing climate change. The building sector has tremendous potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at relatively low costs. Long-term climate change (e.g., global warming) is driving an increase in energy consumption for cooling demand, which contributes much more to the total energy consumption of buildings than heating demand. Therefore, to conserve its resources, urban energy planning and management should focus on creating an appropriate framework of guidelines on how to reduce cooling loads in building energy consumption patterns. It was also shown that in summer and spring, entry into the thermal stress zone is external, while in cold seasons, entry into the thermal comfort zone is external.

As one of the key concepts in urban studies, place identity plays a significant role in the formation and evolution of urban elements. This concept refers to the specific characteristics, history, culture, and values of a place that not only affect how residents interact with urban spaces, but also affect the design and development of public spaces. In the contemporary world, due to the expansion of urbanization and rapid social changes and Economically, preserving and strengthening the identity of a place has become one of the major challenges for planners, designers, and architects . In this regard, this study analyzes the role of place identity in the formation and evolution of urban elements with a focus on contemporary cities. Place identity as a set of characteristics, history, and culture of a place has a profound impact on social interactions, design of public spaces, and the quality of life of residents. With the rapid growth of urbanization and social and economic changes, the preservation of local identities becomes a fundamental challenge for urban planning and design has become. In this study, by examining successful and unsuccessful samples from different cities, the impact of place identity on urban elements such as public spaces, architecture, and infrastructure is analyzed. The results show that strengthening place identity can lead to the creation of attractive and sustainable spaces that increase the sense of social belonging and enhance citizens' participation. This article also emphasizes the importance of innovative approaches in planning A city refers to the preservation and promotion of local identities in the modern world. Finally, the findings are presented as a guide for urban designers and planners in order to create urban spaces in accordance with the needs and values of society.

Schizophrenia is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder that affects about 1% of the world's population and arises from a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurodevelopmental influences. Recent studies highlight the role of immune system disturbances and neuroinflammation in its development, with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) identified as a pivotal cytokine. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the relationship between the TNF-α rs1800629 genetic variant and the risk of schizophrenia by synthesizing data from published research. Two independent reviewers systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure for studies published up to January 19, 2024. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using a fixed-effects model, taking into account the absence of significant heterogeneity. A total of 33 case-control studies were included, encompassing 7,624 individuals with schizophrenia and 8,933 healthy controls from diverse backgrounds (21 studies on Asian populations, 11 on Caucasian, and one on a mixed group) conducted between 2001 and 2020. The pooled analysis did not reveal a significant link between the TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism and susceptibility to schizophrenia under any genetic model. Further subgroup analyses by ethnicity (Asian, Caucasian), country (China, Poland), genotyping technique, and publication year also yielded no notable associations. This comprehensive meta-analysis offers strong evidence that the TNF-α rs1800629 variant is not significantly associated with schizophrenia risk, either globally or within specific ethnic groups. These findings indicate that this polymorphism likely does not play a major role in schizophrenia susceptibility, underscoring the importance of future investigations into other TNF-α variants, gene-gene interactions, or alternative inflammatory mechanisms.

Routing in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks is critical for effective data transfer and overall network performance. However, current UAV routing algorithms exhibit high latency, poor route selection, excessive energy consumption, and limited flexibility in changing network topologies. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a new routing strategy that uses the Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) to improve UAV network routing. Using a two-phase optimization approach considering Quality of Service (QoS), our system combines global exploration with local exploitation, unlike previous techniques. This hybrid method enables UAVs to dynamically change their trajectories, helping to choose the best path even in fast-changing surroundings. Our approach’s self-adaptive population-based search mechanism accelerates convergence and removes a common weakness in traditional metaheuristic algorithms—premature standstill elimination—which determines its effectiveness. By constantly adjusting UAV routing patterns depending on energy economy, latency, and throughput characteristics, SFLA guarantees that UAV networks transmit effectively and consistently. Based on experimental data, our method outperforms benchmark alternatives in terms of energy use by 3.11%, latency by 5.14%, and network lifetime by 2.25%. These developments make our approach ideal for real-time applications including aerial surveillance and disaster response that call for high data transfer speeds and great energy economy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using a Rovabio® Plus multi-enzyme on production and reproductive performance, duodenum morphology and biochemical parameters in 45 - 60 weeks old broiler breeders. For this purpose, 260 broiler breeders of Ross 308 strain were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications (13 hens and one rooster in each replication). Experimental treatments included: 1) Positive control diet (diet with standard energy and phosphorus and without multi-enzyme), 2) Negative control diet (diet in terms of energy 5.00% and phosphorus 50.00% less than the positive control diet, 3) Negative control diet with 1.00 g kg-1 Rovabio® Plus multi-enzyme and 4) Positive control diet with 1.00 g kg-1 Rovabio® Plus multi-enzyme. The results showed that negative control diet caused a significant decrease in the egg production percentage, egg weight, egg mass, settable eggs, fertile eggs, hatchability and one grade chickens, increased the feed conversion ratio and embryonic losses. Addition of 1.00 g kg-1 of multi-enzyme to negative control diet made the above parameters similar to the positive control treatment, however, the positive control treatment supplemented with multi-enzyme had a better performance compared to other treatments. This research showed that dietary supplementation of Rovabio® Plus multi-enzyme in broiler breeders at the age of 45 - 60 weeks led to the improvement of productive performance and incubation in negative control diet.