Islamic Azad University of Garmsar

ABSTRACTObjectiveTherapeutic management of ivermectin overdose in a Shih Tzu dog using intravenous administration of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE).Case SummaryA 3‐year‐old female Shih Tzu dog weighing 2.5 kg was presented to a veterinary clinic in Tehran with ataxia, tremors, incoordination, negative PLR and menace reflex, bradycardia and salivation. The patient was treated with a 10 mg ivermectin tablet with the brand name Medimect in the last 12 h. Following the diagnosis of ivermectin intoxication, treatment with ILE was initiated. ILE was administered as a bolus of 1.5 mL/kg in 1 min, followed by a dose of 0.25 mL/kg/min for 30 min as a CRI. The neurological symptoms of the patient began to decrease 2.5 h after the ILE therapy. Twenty‐four hours later, the patient was resuscitated, and all symptoms were resolved.ConclusionThe current paper reports the successful treatment of ivermectin toxicity with ILE therapy in Iran. The education of veterinarians regarding the beneficial and varied roles of ILE therapy in different clinical settings is warranted, particularly in terms of the potential for ILE therapy to reverse the toxicities of various lipophilic drugs.

This mixed-methods study investigates the relationship between learning-oriented assessment (LOA) literacy and effective teaching among Iranian EFL teachers. LOA integrates assessment with instruction by emphasizing formative feedback, student involvement, and the design of meaningful learning tasks, positioning assessment as a tool to support and enhance the learning process rather than merely measure outcomes. The research consists of two primary phases, a qualitative phase involving semi-structured interviews with EFL teachers to explore their perceptions of LOA literacy and effective teaching, followed by a quantitative phase utilizing a researcher-made and validated Effective Teaching Questionnaire (ETQ) administered to 110 teachers. The study examines how specific LOA components affect teaching outcomes and learner engagement. In the experimental phase, two groups of EFL teachers were formed, an experimental group that received targeted training on LOA literacy and a control group relying on prior knowledge. Both groups completed the ETQ as pretests and posttests. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed significant improvements in posttest scores for the experimental group, indicating that enhanced LOA literacy positively impacts effective teaching practices. By fostering LOA literacy among EFL teachers, educational institutions can enhance teaching effectiveness and student outcomes, advancing a shift toward more responsive and engaging language education.

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To advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, it's essential to implement practices that improve the livelihoods sustainability. Achieving this goal requires identifying Factors affecting the livelihood sustainability of smallholder farmers (LSOSF). For this purpose, this study, conducted during 2023–2024. A statistical sample of 500 smallholders from Alborz, Guilan, Hormozgan, and Yazd provinces in Iran was selected using a multistage sampling method. The survey indicated an average farming unit had three able-bodied household members aged between 18 and 65, with none engaged in formal education. The head of household had an average of 10.53 years of formal education, ranging from 2 to 18 years. Household health status revealed an average of 1.69 healthy family members per unit. Annual savings for the farmers were approximately 100 million rials, about one-fifth of their total annual income. Regarding social networks, 55% of respondents had moderate to low confidence in assistance from neighbors and relatives during hardship. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine factors influencing LSOSF. Results indicated technical, economic, social, and environmental factors had positive and significant impacts on LSOSF. Among technical factors, agricultural land quality, land use conservation, land aggregation, and cropping patterns were identified as the most influential, with land use conservation having the greatest impact. Key factors such as soil erosion prevention, mitigation of land subsidence from groundwater extraction, and development of agricultural processing industries are crucial for LSOSF. This study provides a foundation for developing strategies to enhance smallholder farmers' livelihoods and well-being. • Technical, economic, social, and environmental aspects are the key factors influencing the LSOSF. • The most significant technical driver was agricultural land use conservation, with soil erosion prevention and mitigation of land subsidence as critical priorities. • Each farming unit had three able-bodied members, annual savings constituted one-fifth of total income, and there was moderate to low confidence in social support networks.

Background and Objectives:Viral membrane glycoproteins are essential for host cell recognition, membrane fusion and immune evasion, making them critical targets for antiviral therapies and vaccine development. However, their isolation in native conformation is challenging due to structural complexity and limitations of conventional purification methods. The aim of current study was to develop a cost-effective, reproducible method for the isolation and purification of glycoprotein B (gB) from Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) while maintaining its native conformation for functional and interaction studies.Materials and Methods:HSV-1 particles were concentrated via ultracentrifugation and membrane proteins were extracted using a modified protocol of the Mem-PER™ Plus Membrane Protein Extraction Kit. Native PAGE with a 4-8% gradient gel was employed to isolate multimeric gB (~300 kDa), followed by electroelution to extract the protein from the gel. The purity and integrity of gB were validated using SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis.Results:The method successfully isolated glycoprotein B in its native multimeric form with high purity and adequate concentration (0.157 mg/mL). The pH of the native gel (8.3) and the high molecular weight of gB facilitated separation from other viral surface proteins. SDS-PAGE and Western blot confirmed the specificity and structural integrity of the purified protein.Conclusion:This study introduces a cost-effective and reliable method for isolating viral glycoproteins in their native conformation. The approach offers significant advantages over traditional chromatography-based techniques, making it ideal for research-scale applications, including functional and interaction studies.

Abstract Function approximation techniques (FAT) are a potent mathematical tool recently applied to create controllers for handling objects with multiple manipulators without relying on a specific model. However, its effectiveness is contingent on having velocity measurements, which might not be accessible in numerous real‐world scenarios. This paper addresses the issue by introducing a robust adaptive controller using Bleimann, Butzer, and Hahn operators as uncertainty approximators without velocity measurements. Utilizing the Lyapunov lemma, the error signals in the controlled system are guaranteed to remain Uniformly Ultimately Bounded (UUB). The proposed controller will eventually be implemented in a cooperative system where two arms handle a rigid object. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach are demonstrated through simulation results.

Heterocyclic compounds, particularly aryl quinolines, are of paramount importance in pharmaceuticals, materials science, and agrochemicals owing to their diverse biological and physicochemical properties. However, traditional synthesis methods often rely on organic solvents and catalysts, which raise environmental and health concerns while requiring high energy inputs. This study addresses these challenges by applying the principles of green chemistry to develop a sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly synthetic route for aryl quinolines.