Islamic Azad University, Malayer Branch

Abstract An examination of the theoretical foundations and empirical evidence regarding intrinsic motivation highlights a critical need for further investigation into behavioral models of learners within educational environments. Consequently, the current study systematically reviewed theories and research related to intrinsic motivation to develop a comprehensive theoretical model and framework. Methodologically, this research is a secondary study categorized as a systematic review. The research corpus comprises peer-reviewed studies and authoritative databases addressing various facets of intrinsic motivation published between 2011 and 2024. From an initial pool of 1,723 identified articles, 49 were selected for final analysis. Drawing upon social-cognitive theories of intrinsic motivation, this analytical study classifies the predictors and correlates of motivation into four psychological domains—personality, emotional, cognitive, and contextual-environmental—and categorizes their outcomes as either internal or external. This classification yielded a comprehensive theoretical framework that emphasizes the dynamic interaction between motivational antecedents and their subsequent consequences.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the essential role of a strong immune system in fighting infectious diseases. Understanding the relationship between exercise, physical activity, and immune function is crucial for recognizing how lifestyle factors can improve immune resilience. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of exercise on the immune system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it presents recommendations, guidelines, and considerations for engaging in physical activity during this period. Based on the literature review, there is some controversy regarding the effects of high-intensity exercise on individuals' immune systems, whereas moderate exercise is generally beneficial in almost all cases. Also, individuals experiencing severe COVID-19 symptoms or other acute illnesses should abstain from physical activity until recovery.

In professional sports, predicting success factors is very vital and important and is always questionable. The failure of teams in the leagues has been a constant issue and progress and gaining status has been a challenge for all clubs; and managers, officials, sports federations and clubs, and even researchers, are trying to shed light on the various dimensions of this issue. The purpose of this study was providing a model of predicting the success of football clubs in the Asian Champions League. The present study is descriptive-correlational. Seven Asian countries that won the Asian Champions League (ACL) were analyzed between 2014 and 2019. At the level of descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, and at the level of inferential statistics, because the response variable (success) was a qualitative variable, the logistic regression model was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Findings showed that 80% of the success of clubs in the ACL is correctly identified using the research model and foreign players, the average value of each player, the total value of the club and the number of players in a team have a positive impact on the success of football clubs. The age of the players has a negative effect, in other words, the lower average age can contribute to the success of football clubs. Therefore, these factors are considered as a comparative advantage for the success of clubs and managers and stakeholders are suggested to put the necessary planning and investment on their agenda to achieve these things.

Background: Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death in most countries of the world and causes disability, disability, high medical costs, and increased mortality. This study aimed to predict the meaning of life based on moral development, cognitive styles, and hopefulness in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of all patients of the Karaj Diabetes Association in 2019 (Iran), among whom 200 cases were selected by the convenience sampling method and Cochran formula. The Meaning of Life Questionnaire (2006), Kohlberg’s Moral development Test (1977), Kolb Cognitive Styles Scale (1981), and Snyder Hope scale (1996) were used for data collection. Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression were applied to analyze the data by SPSS23, and the significance level was 0.05. Results: The results revealed that moral development (β=0.15, P=0.03), cognitive styles (β=0.38, P<0.001), and hopefulness (β=0.22, P<0.001) had a positive effect on the meaning of life. Conclusion: It can be concluded that moral development, cognitive styles, and hopefulness can predict the meaning of life among people with T2D, highlighting the importance of the role of the meaning of life in people with T2D.

Wounds with dead tissue, purulent wounds, and gangrene are good options for larval therapy. We aim to investigate the effect of larval therapy on diabetic wounds and compare it with traditional treatment. The sterile larvae were used in wound treatment and the infection rate, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), and wound size were measured and compared before and after the treatment. The scars of 40 patients in the larval therapy group were evaluated every 10days and the mean size of the scar decreased from 38.5cm (36.6cm) before treatment to 5.0cm (6.6cm) after 60days. ESR mean was decreased from 57.3 (18.3) before treatment to 15.8 (4.8) after treatment in the larval therapy group. These parameters were significantly decreased compared to the debridement group (p < 0.001). Larval therapy is effective in diabetic wound healing. The size of the wound after larval treatment is smaller than before. There was no difference between the two groups for infection rate. ESR was significantly decreased in the larval therapy group that indicating the lower inflammation in this group. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-00973-w.

El propósito de esta investigación fue investigar el efecto del marketing sensorial en la lealtad de los clientes de los clubes deportivos privados, con el papel mediador del valor percibido. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 385 personas (18 a 65 años) que acudían a clubes deportivos privados en Teherán en 2019. Los tres instrumentos utilizados fueron: Cuestionario de Marketing Sensorial, Cuestionario de Valor Percibido, Cuestionario de Lealtad Conductual y Actitudinal. El análisis de datos mostró que el marketing sensorial a través del valor percibido puede ser eficaz en la lealtad de conducta y de actitud de los clientes de los clubes deportivos privados. Por tanto, los directivos de los clubes deportivos deben ir más allá de medir la satisfacción del cliente y la calidad de los servicios prestados y centrarse en la fidelización de los clientes, porque la clave para atraer y fidelizar clientes es mejorar su actitud positiva hacia los proveedores de servicios deportivos. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of sensory marketing on customer loyalty of private sports clubs, with the mediating role of perceived value. The sample was composed of 385 people (18 to 65 years old) who attended private sports clubs in Tehran in 2019. The three instruments used were: Sensory Marketing Questionnaire, Perceived Value Questionnaire, Behavioral and Attitudinal Loyalty Questionnaire. The data analysis showed that sensory marketing through perceived value can be effective in the behavioral and attitudinal loyalty of customers of private fitness clubs. Therefore, the managers of sports clubs should go beyond measuring customer satisfaction and the quality of services provided and focus on customer loyalty, because the key to attract and retain customers is to improve their positive attitude towards sports service providers.

The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of knowledge inertia on corporate knowledge sharing capabilities and strategic learning capabilities at the National Bank branches of Hamedan Province. This research consists of a descriptive, quantitative, applied and cross sectional study. The statistical population consists of the entire Hamedan Province National Bank branch personnel which were 610 people. From this population, 240 were selected based on the Krejcie and Morgan table using stratified random sampling. The data required for this study was gathered using standard questionnaires which were reviewed and validated. In order to analyze the data, structural path analysis and SmartPLS software was used. The results of this research confirm the significant effect of knowledge inertia on knowledge sharing capabilities and their components on corporate strategic learning capabilities. Moreover, the findings show that knowledge inertia and its components have a significant effect on the strategic learning capabilities of the organization.