Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy

Представлен анализ мясной продуктивности откормочных бычков герефордской породы, разводимых в условиях колхоза ООО «Дружба» Увинского района Удмуртской Республики, с последующей оценкой соответствия получаемой говядины требованиям стандарта ГОСТ 33818-2016. В исследованиях принимали участие откормочные бычки в возрасте 11–13 месяцев, поступающие на убой и первичную переработку в ООО «Увинский мясокомбинат». Определение категории упитанности, формы и полномясности туш осуществляли на основании ГОСТ 33818-2016. Оценку убойных качеств проводили по результатам контрольного убоя животных в условиях ООО «Увинский мясокомбинат». Для определения морфологического состава проводили разделение туш по позвоночному столбу, с выделением отрубов, последующей обвалкой и жиловкой мяса. Качество мяса устанавливали на основе анализа химического состава средней пробы мышечной ткани длиннейшей мышцы спины. Массовую долю белка, жира, общей золы определяли согласно действующим государственным стандартам. В ходе исследований было установлено, что туши, полученные от откормочных бычков герефордской породы, соответствовали категории К и III классу качества, так как толщина подкожного жира составила 1,98 см, площадь «мышечного глазка» 112,2 см2, цвет мышечной ткани был темно-красный, а цвет подкожного жира – молочно-белый. Эти факты указывают на возможность производства высококачественной говядины от откормочных бычков герефордской породы, разводимых в условиях данного хозяйства. The article analyzes the beef productivity of fattening Hereford bull-calves bred on the collective farm Druzhba, Uvinsky district of the Udmurt Republic, followed by an assessment of the compliance of the obtained beef with the requirements of the standard GOST 33818-2016. The study involved fattening bull calves at the age of 11–13 months, intended for slaughtering and primary processing at Uva Meat Processing Plant. The determination of the fatness category of the obtained beef, as well as the shape and meat yield of the carcasses, was carried out on the basis of GOST 33818-2016. The slaughter qualities were assessed based on the results of the control slaughter of animals under the conditions of Uva Meat Processing Plant. To determine the morphological composition of the carcass, the carcass was divided along the spinal column, with the isolation of cuts, followed by meat boning and trimming. The quality of meat was established on the basis of the analysis of the chemical composition of the average sample of the muscle tissue of the longest back muscle. The mass fraction of protein, fat, total ash was determined according to the current state standards. The studies revealed that carcasses obtained from fattening Hereford bull calves were compliant with the category K and quality class III, since the thickness of subcutaneous fat was 1.98 cm, the loin eye area was 112.2 cm2, the color of muscle tissue was dark-red, and the color of subcutaneous fat is milky white. These facts indicate the possibility of producing high-quality beef from fattening Hereford bull calves bred in this farm. Key words: Hereford cattle breed, high-quality beef, meat productivity, slaughter yield, morphological composition of meat, chemical composition of meat, technological properties of meat.

One of the most effective means of protecting metalwork equipment premises from corrosion is currently zinc-plating. Zinc-plating increases the service life of the equipment by 2-3 times, i.e. up to 20 years, which makes this method economically justified.We measured the electrode potentials and corrosion current between two plates – steel and zinc, depending on the size of the zinc plate. Modeling of the corrosion process with a decrease in the zinc coating was carried out by reducing the area of the zinc plate. At the same time, the area of the steel plate was constant. The protective ability of the zinc coating is maintained as long as it occupies at least 10% of the surface area of the steel product. Reducing the area of the zinc coating leads to catastrophic corrosion failure of the coating.

THE PURPOSE. Consider the problem of using a special ferromagnetic paste, which fills the air gaps in the magnetic circuit of an oil power transformer, in order to reduce its losses, by reducing eddy currents in the magnetic circuit. Conduct experiments to determine the dynamics of change of high-voltage breakdown of transformer oil, after adding ferromagnetic paste to it.METHODS. To solve this problem, several samples of ferromagnetic paste have been developed, differing from each other using different binding material for ferromagnetic powder. The samples were placed in containers for several days filled with transformer oil. With the help of electrical installation AIM-90, measurements of high-voltage breakdown of transformer oil of each sample were carried out. Thanks to this method, it was possible to determine how the ferromagnetic paste affects the insulating properties of the transformer oil. RESULTS. For clarity, the results of all samples were plotted. Based on the graph, it became clear that in some samples of transformer oil a significant amount of mechanical impurities formed from ferromagnetic paste appeared, which extremely negatively affected the insulating properties of the oil. There were also samples in which the properties of the oil practically did not change. CONCLUSION. As conclusions, there was a certain vision of which ferromagnetic paste can be used in the design of an oil power transformer, it was also possible to understand which samples of ferromagnetic pastes extremely negatively affect the insulating properties of the transformer oil.

Original method for clinical evaluation of the hip functional state in children and adolescents is presented. This method includes passport data, case history, subjective signs, special functional test and motor tasks, clinical and instrumental examination. Every sign is assessed in points: 5 points absence of pathological changes and this corresponds to function compensation; 34 points moderately marked changes subcompensation; less than 3 points marked changes decompensation. Final evaluation of the hip functional state is the integral index. 107 joints in 83 patients with various hip dysplasias were examined. All patients were on target rehabilitation treatment that resulted in the improvement of the functional state. The repeated postrehabilitation testing showed increase in integral index within 12 points. In 30 patients the compensation of function was achieved, 34 patients subcompensation was observed. Decompensation persisted in 19 patients.

Currently, in the manufacture of agricultural products in the process of feed preparation, closed-type grain crushers are widely used, working on the principle of suction of the starting material and injection of the finished product. This type of crushers undergoes significant abrasive wear of working bodies (drums, hammers, sieves, etc.) due to their suboptimal geometric shape of the transition surface, where local stresses accumulate, as well as in the areas of contact of parts with particles of gas-dispersed material. It is possible to investigate the causes of the rapid destruction of the working bodies of the crusher by theoretical methods and modeling of physical processes, which will increase the speed, economic efficiency, reliability in the design of components and mechanisms, as well as optimize the design of the upgraded paddle wheel. The paper presents a theoretical model of the stress state on the working surface of the blade, the adequacy of which is confirmed by experimental data with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.95. Studies have allowed optimizing the position of the blade, at which it must be positioned at an angle of 10 ° to the axis of the wheel of the crusher drum, while the contact stresses on the wear surface are distributed almost evenly. This design change will lead to uniform wear of the blade and, as a result, to an increase in durability and reliability of the crusher.

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