Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women's University

Genome editing techniques, especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), brought researchers into a new era of molecular plant breeding because it enabled them to make targeted modifications in plant genomes and transcriptomes. However, the successful incorporation of large DNA segments into plant genomes, necessary for high genetic gains and desired traits, remains a critical challenge. As there is an increasing demand for technologies that support chromosomal integration of large DNA inserts suitable for application in synthetic biology and plant breeding, PrimeRoot editors have presented a revolutionary solution to this issue, as they integrate enhanced prime editing guide RNA (PegRNA) designs, improved plant prime editor systems and advanced recombinases, helping in the precise insertion of DNA fragments of up to 11.1kb into the plant genomes. Third-generation PrimeRoot editors further enhanced the precision and efficiency of transformation under different gene delivery systems. This technology holds enormous promise for accurately inserting long DNA sequences across different species of plants. This review highlights expected developments, opportunities, applications, advantages and challenges associated with PrimeRoot editors as well as the significance of expanding their applicability to more varieties of plants.

ABSTRACT A series of CuO@CdO/MgO ternary nanocomposites with variable CuO and CdO concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%) in an MgO matrix were synthesized using a one‐step coprecipitation‐hydrothermal technique. The aim of this research is to create and test multifunctional CuO@CdO/MgO nanocomposites with varying structural, optical, electrochemical, and biological properties. By altering the CuO and CdO ratios, the composites improve their photocatalytic potential, energy storage capability, and biocompatibility. The effects of composition on crystallinity, morphology, band gap, photoluminescence, redox behavior, and cytocompatibility were thoroughly investigated. Cyclical voltammetry demonstrated increased capacitance and redox activity, particularly in the 30% sample. MTT experiments demonstrated concentration‐dependent biocompatibility, with no significant cytotoxicity found for 10% and 20% samples at 50 µg/mL after 24–48 h of incubation.

An experiment was conducted at Research Farm Suresh Gyan Vihar university, Jaipur on 25 genotypes of Green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in Randomized Block Design with three replications over three artificially created environments during kharif 2022 to estimate stability parameters for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), branches per plant, clusters per plant, pods per cluster, pods per plant, pod length (cm), seeds per pod, seed yield per plant (g) and test weight (g). Mean sum of square due to genotypes were significant for all the traits in all the environments. The stability analysis was carried out according to Eberhart and Russell model (1966). Genotype x Environment interaction was significant for all the characters except pods per plant. Environment + (Genotype x Environment) component were non-significant for all the characters. The pooled deviations were significant for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm) and clusters per plant. Genotypes RMG-1098, RMG-1136, RMG-1097, ML-818, RMG-976, RMG-1078, IPM 410-3, RMG-1099, LOCAL. RMG-1095 were found stable for seed yield per plant. Genotypes RMG-1142, RMG-1096, RMG-1082, RMG-989 and RMG-1077 were suitable for better environments.

DNA methylation is one of the most important mechanisms closely involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. However, the relationship between DNA methylation and expression is not completely understood. There are reported examples of changes in DNA methylation being the cause of gene expression, and vice versa - examples of changes in gene expression to entail changes in methylation. Earlier, we introduced the concept of CpG traffic lights - individual CpG sites methylation levels of which significantly correlate with the expression of a gene nearby - and showed their important role in the regulation of enhancers. In this work, we show that the levels of CpG traffic lights methylation are heterogeneous in the cell population, and suggest that this feature is caused by their dynamic demethylation. The 5hmC enrichment and TET2 localization sites in CpG traffic lights confirm our hypothesis. In order to find out whether methylation of CpG sites is the cause or the consequence of the gene expression, we applied the assessment of the causation direction method developed by Jonas Peters and co-authors. We determined that in CpG sites where changes in methylation are predicted to be the cause of gene expression changes (M→E CpG sites), methylation levels are more stable in different cells and active demethylation occurs less often than in CpG sites where presumably changes in gene expression cause changes in methylation (E→M CpG sites). We also show a greater share of M→E CpG sites in the promoter regions than in the bodies of the genes where E→M CpG sites are more common. Based on these observations, we believe that methylation of M→E CpG sites is stable and functions as an "on/off" switch. On the contrary methylation of E→M sites is dynamic, variable between cells in a cell population, and is caused primarily by active demethylation.

This paper evaluates the Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan (SCSP) and Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) now institutionalized as Development Action Plans for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (DAPSC/DAPST) as instruments of Ambedkarite social democracy in Rajasthan from 2005 to 2025. Using a longitudinal policy evaluation design, it triangulates state budget documents, Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) audits, statutory provisions, and outcome data to assess allocations, utilization, sectoral composition, and social indicators. The study finds three broad patterns. First, Rajasthan’s 2022 legislation mandating population proportionate earmarking led to a visible expansion of sub plan outlays in 2025–26 and clearer sectoral mapping to education, health, and drinking water. Second, utilization remains uneven: audit findings and reportage document delays and within year cash rationing, including non release of funds to TSP districts in 2024–25. Third, progress on social outcomes literacy, health coverage, and basic services continues but lags markedly for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes relative to the state average. These findings reveal a persistent implementation gap rooted in budgetary politics and administrative capacity constraints. Interpreted through Ambedkar’s program of social democracy, the sub plan is best understood as a contested arena where rights based claims compete with patronage based distributive incentives.

Kurukshetra district in Haryana has witnessed significant social and economic transformations from the 20th century to the present. This study conducts a historical and comparative review of these changes, providing detailed insights into the district's social structure, economic development, urbanization, and policy shifts. At the beginning of the 20th century, Kurukshetra primarily relied on an agriculture-based economy, where the social structure was traditional, strongly influenced by caste and cultural norms. However, with the advent of the Green Revolution, industrialization, and government policies, the district experienced substantial economic and social shifts. This study compares social and economic changes between the 20th and 21st centuries. From a social perspective, the spread of education, women’s empowerment, and shifts in caste structures have reshaped the district’s societal framework. Economically, there has been an expansion beyond agriculture into industrial and service sectors, creating new employment opportunities. Additionally, the development of infrastructure and urbanization has further strengthened the district's economic landscape. The pace of social and economic transformation has accelerated due to globalization, the digital revolution, and government initiatives. However, challenges remain, such as social inequality, economic disparities between urban and rural areas, and the impact of climate change on agriculture. This study identifies these challenges and discusses potential solutions. Ultimately, this review presents a comprehensive overview of the social and economic changes in Kurukshetra district, serving as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and social scientists. The findings of this study can guide future research and policy interventions aimed at fostering social and economic reforms. Abstract in Hindi Language: हरियाणा के कुरुक्षेत्र जिले में 20वीं सदी से लेकर वर्तमान समय तक सामाजिक और आर्थिक परिवर्तनों का गहरा प्रभाव देखा गया है। यह अध्ययन इन परिवर्तनों की ऐतिहासिक और तुलनात्मक समीक्षा करता है, जिससे जिले की सामाजिक संरचना, आर्थिक विकास, शहरीकरण, और नीतिगत परिवर्तनों की विस्तृत जानकारी प्राप्त होती है। 20वीं सदी की शुरुआत में कुरुक्षेत्र मुख्य रूप से कृषि आधारित अर्थव्यवस्था पर निर्भर था, जहाँ सामाजिक संरचना पारंपरिक थी और जाति तथा सांस्कृतिक नियमों का प्रभाव स्पष्ट रूप से देखा जाता था। लेकिन हरित क्रांति, औद्योगिकीकरण, और सरकारी नीतियों के प्रभाव से जिले की आर्थिक और सामाजिक परिस्थितियों में महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव हुए हैं। इस अध्ययन में 20वीं सदी और 21वीं सदी के बीच सामाजिक और आर्थिक परिवर्तनों की तुलनात्मक समीक्षा की गई है। सामाजिक दृष्टिकोण से, शिक्षा के प्रसार, महिला सशक्तिकरण, और जातिगत संरचनाओं में बदलाव ने जिले की सामाजिक व्यवस्था को नया रूप दिया है। आर्थिक दृष्टि से, कृषि के अलावा औद्योगिक और सेवा क्षेत्रों का विस्तार हुआ है, जिससे रोजगार के नए अवसर पैदा हुए हैं। इसके अतिरिक्त, बुनियादी ढांचे के विकास और शहरीकरण ने जिले के आर्थिक परिदृश्य को और सशक्त बनाया है। वैश्वीकरण, डिजिटल क्रांति, और सरकारी योजनाओं के प्रभाव से सामाजिक और आर्थिक परिवर्तनों की गति और तेज हुई है। हालाँकि, इन बदलावों के बावजूद कुछ चुनौतियाँ बनी हुई हैं, जैसे कि सामाजिक असमानता, शहरी और ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों के बीच आर्थिक अंतर, तथा जलवायु परिवर्तन का कृषि क्षेत्र पर प्रभाव। इस अध्ययन में इन चुनौतियों की पहचान करते हुए समाधान के संभावित मार्गों पर भी चर्चा की गई है। अंततः, यह समीक्षा पत्र कुरुक्षेत्र जिले के सामाजिक और आर्थिक बदलावों की एक व्यापक रूपरेखा प्रस्तुत करता है, जो नीति निर्माताओं, शोधकर्ताओं, और सामाजिक वैज्ञानिकों के लिए उपयोगी सिद्ध हो सकता है। यह अध्ययन भविष्य में सामाजिक और आर्थिक सुधारों के लिए नए शोध और नीतिगत हस्तक्षेपों की दिशा में मार्गदर्शन प्रदान कर सकता है। Keywords: सामाजिक, आर्थिक, आर्थिक विकास, शहरीकरण

Accreditation is pivotal in ensuring quality and relevance in higher education programs, particularly through India's NAAC and NBA bodies, which impact institutional quality and student employability. While studies confirm accreditation's role in enhancing institutional reputation and career outcomes, limited research focuses on student perceptions of its value in shaping career paths. Most students view accreditation as a quality indicator, especially in high-demand fields like engineering and management, though empirical data on how NAAC accreditation influences employability remains sparse. Additionally, accreditation's evolving standards, designed to meet the global economy's demands, are crucial for equipping students with technical and soft skills. This study aims to address these gaps by investigating how students perceive NAAC accreditation's impact on employability, skills acquisition, and career pathways in India's dynamic labour market.

Intramedullary interlocking nailingis a common surgical procedure for tibial fractures, enabling early patient mobilization. Traditionally, the infrapatellar approach has been used for intramedullary interlocking nailing of tibial fractures, but the suprapatellar approach is gaining attention for its potential benefits. This randomized controlled study aimed to compare the duration of the surgery, intra-operative blood loss, and fluoroscopy time between the suprapatellar and infrapatellar approaches. We included 38 adult patients with tibial shaft fractures, excluding those with non-union, open fractures, revision surgery, or low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Patients were divided equally into two groups using block randomization: Group A (19 patients) underwent the infrapatellar approach, and Group B (19 patients) underwent the suprapatellar approach. Blood loss was measured using the gravimetric method and by changes in pre-operative and post-operative hemoglobin levels. Surgical duration by calculating the time elapsed between the start and end of the procedure and fluoroscopy time was logged from the fluoroscopy machine. In group A, blood loss averaged 154±30.98 mL, slightly more than in group B (150±32.92 mL), though the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Group A also showed a higher difference in hemoglobin levels (2.20±1.13 g/dL) compared to group B (1.15±0.93 g/dL), which was statistically significant (p=0.02). Fluoroscopy time and duration of the surgery were slightly longer in group A compared to group B but not statistically significant (p=0.693). The suprapatellar approach results in less blood loss, potentially promoting faster recovery, reduced need for blood transfusions, and shorter hospital stays. It also entails shorter fluoroscopy time and surgical duration, though not statistically significant, which may reduce radiation exposure for the surgical team.

The rapid evolution of blockchain technology has led to the emergence of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as a novel and disruptive tool within the realms of digital art, collectibles, and entertainment. This research chapter delves into the nascent yet rapidly growing trend of utilizing NFTs for marketing campaigns. As traditional marketing strategies continue to face challenges in capturing audience attention and engagement, NFTs offer a unique avenue to enhance brand-consumer interactions. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of NFT-based marketing campaigns, examining their effectiveness, challenges, and potential for reshaping the future of advertising. The study also delves into the underlying psychological and economic factors that contribute to the success of NFT-based marketing, including scarcity, ownership, and emotional resonance.

Abstract Commercialization of Li–S in present scenario is obstructed by poor performance of cathode and its compatibility with electrolyte used. Here in this work, in order to improve the electrochemical performance all solid state Li–S battery, solid electrolyte (SE) formed by composition of lithium sulfide (Li 2 S) and phosphorus pentasulfide (P 2 S 5 ) combinedly called LPS is used. The modified carbon in the form of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as additive is used to provide better electron conduction pathway. High conductivity of the order 10 −4 S cm −1 of prepared LPS overcomes the major drawback of insulating nature of sulfur. The coin cells are fabricated by using above mentioned material as a cathode material, LPS as SE, and lithium foil as anode. The prepared nanocomposites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study structural and morphological properties. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) images of the cathode surface confirms the uniform spreading of material. The electrochemical performance of coin cell is studied by Galvanostatic charge‐discharge plot at 0.1 C to check the compatibility of composite and electrolyte prepared. The cells having additive material GO and rGO with host sulfur show better results as compared to the cell having pristine sulfur.