Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science

ABSTRACT Tremendous amounts of organic waste are produced annually worldwide, and how to utilize this organic waste with low energy consumption and high efficiency without generating secondary pollution is a valuable research direction. Black soldier fly (BSF) has saprophytic characteristics in its larvae, and can effectively convert organic waste such as crop straw, feces and kitchen waste into insect nutrition (e.g., fat and protein). Therefore, the use of BSF as an alternative animal feed source is gaining attention. The ingestion of various organic wastes by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reduces the discharge and accumulation of organic waste and provides various usable substances for human life. For instance, fatty acids, chitin, melanin and antimicrobial peptides in BSF are important resources in biology, medicine and the chemical industry. Hence, BSF represents a promising candidate for future biotechnological applications, with far‐reaching implications for sustainable development and future human life. Currently, much progress has been made in the application of BSF in animal feed and health products. However, literature reviews summarizing the applications of BSF in the breeding and biomedicine industries are still lacking. This review not only highlights the role of BSF in organic waste valorization but also emphasizes its significant potential in enhancing animal growth performance, as well as its promising applications in biomedicine and cosmetic industries. Moreover, this review analyzes the current problems encountered in the application of BSF and future research directions to provide reference and potential targets for the development and utilization of BSF.

Fractional slot concentrated winding permanent magnet motors (FSCW-PMMs) with star-delta (Y-△) connection windings are increasingly used in industrial applications due to their high efficiency and precise control. However, inter-turn short circuit fault (ITSCF) poses challenges to their reliability and operation, requiring comprehensive analysis. This paper investigates the effects of ITSCF in FSCW-PMMs, focusing on contact capacitance and resistance variations. A mathematical model, rooted in electromagnetic principles, is developed to predict motor behavior under various fault scenarios in both star and delta windings. The study analyzes torque, three-phase currents, and losses, revealing significant impacts of fault position and contact capacitance on motor performance. ITSCF amplifies peak currents, torque fluctuations, and core losses, particularly with increased contact capacitance. These insights emphasize the importance of considering contact capacitance and fault position in motor design to improve reliability and efficiency.

Quantifying the extent and distribution of aquaculture ponds has become the key to management in the aquaculture industry, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of the region. However, accurate extraction of individual aquaculture pond boundaries from mesoscale remote sensing images remains a significant challenge. In this work, we developed the Multi-source Object-oriented Framework for extracting Aquaculture ponds (MOFA) to address mapping challenges in the Chaohu Lake basin, China. The MOFA combined Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with Sentinel-2 data, applying an object-oriented approach with adaptive threshold segmentation for robust and automated aquaculture pond delineation. Our performance evaluation results showed that the overall accuracy is as high as 90.75%. The MOFA is thus capable of distinguishing seasonal water bodies, lakes, reservoirs, and rivers from individual (non-centralized, contiguous) aquaculture ponds. Our results showed that the central and south sections of the Chaohu Lake basin are characterized by denser aquaculture pond distributions, relative to those in the western basin. The total area of aquaculture ponds across the entire basin decreased from 19,297.86 hm2 in 2016 to 18,262.77 hm2 in 2023, which is likely attributed to local policy adjustments, resource optimization, shifting market demands, or natural environmental changes. The abandonment and unregulated expansion of aquaculture ponds threaten sustainable development. Local governments must implement adaptive governance strategies to balance ecological preservation with economic growth. Overall, the MOFA can quickly and accurately extract and map aquaculture ponds, and further support the scientific planning of sustainable aquaculture development.