Jin-ai University

小学校教員養成課程に在籍している学生の成人前期という発達段階，就職するという発達課題を考慮して，成人学習の特徴を踏まえた理科の模擬授業を導入した養成プログラムを実践した。2年生，持ち上がりの3年生35名が実践的な指導・支援の技能・能力を習得するため，学生が教師役，児童役の両方の立場から理科学習に関する技能・能力の状況を把握できる評価尺度を活用し，2年間にわたり自己評価，相互評価を行った。指導者，研究協力者は評価尺度，授業づくりのカテゴリ，学習指導要領のカテゴリ，教授能力のカテゴリに注目して集計・分析した。分析においては，目標が達成されたかどうかの判断基準を設定することにより，評価点を通して達成困難な技能・能力，達成が容易な技能・能力が明らかとなった。また，模擬授業の回数を重ねることで評価尺度の技能・能力，総合的な技能・能力，自信の向上がうかがえ，小学校理科の指導・支援に関する技能・能力養成プログラムが有効であることが示唆された。

The transient and rapid reduction in galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux intensity, commonly referred to as Forbush decrease (FD), is widely used as a mediator variable in searching for solar-terrestrial weather linkages. Whereas literature in the field is replete with high-amplitude (FD(%) ⩾3) FD-based analyses, the empirical connections between low-amplitude (FD(%) ⩽3) events and Sun-Earth variables are seldom tested. It is recently observed that the dearth of such studies might be due to the daunting task of accurate detection/precise timing of FDs and other transient astrophysical events. Using a sensitive version of the FD detection algorithm, we selected 264, 267, and 206 low amplitude (FD(%) ⩽3) FDs from the daily GCR data of Hermanus (HRMS), Newark (NWRK) and Oulu (OULU) neutron monitor stations respectively during solar cycle 23. A total of 80 simultaneous small-amplitude FDs were identified from the three stations with a simple coincident computer code. Statistically significant correlations at 95% confidence level exist between the planetary K-index (Kp), disturbance storm time index (Dst), planetary A-index (Ap), and the corresponding simultaneous small-amplitude FDs at OULU station, but not found in HRMS and NWRK data. These significant links between the weak FDs and the geomagnetic indices (Kp, Dst, and Ap) at OULU station suggest that the parameters (Kp, Dst, and Ap) are likely connected with some common solar activities.

Neurological and skeletal muscle properties are suggested causes of dynapenia. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between upper limb muscle quality (grip strength/upper extremity muscle mass) and knee osteoarthritis in dynapenia, and to identify dynapenia-associated factors. Elderly individuals who responded to a public call for screening in Wakasa Town, Fukui Prefecture between June 2019 and November 2021 were included. The analysis included 433 participants (304 women aged 76.0 ± 7.1 years). Examination comprised (consecutively) a basic interview, physical function measurement, body composition measurement, and explanation of results. Dynapenia was observed in 67 patients. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that age, upper limb muscle quality score, and knee osteoarthritis were independent factors for dynapenia. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the relationship between dynapenia and upper limb muscle quality showed an area under the curve of 0.806 (95% confidence interval: 0.658–0.953) for men (cut-off value, 14.3 kg/kg) and 0.849 for women (95% confidence interval: 0.858–0.968; cut-off value, 14.0 kg/kg). In conclusion, age, upper limb muscle quality, and knee osteoarthritis were independent factors of dynapenia. We demonstrated that upper limb muscle quality has good accuracy in detecting dynapenia in both men and women.

【目的】調理に対する自信とセルフエスティーム（以下，SEとする）を高めることをねらいとした非対面式による調理プログラムの効果を明らかにすること。

Vincristine (VCR) is a key drug for treating various malignancies. However, few data are available on the pharmacokinetics of VCR, especially in adult patients. The objective of this study was to clarify the population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response relationships of VCR in adult malignant lymphoma patients. Blood samples were collected from patients who were administered R-CHOP-like regimens, and the VCR plasma concentration was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using NONMEM software, population pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated, and covariates were evaluated. The relationships between the individual parameters and adverse events or therapeutic effects were also investigated. Plasma concentrations were measured in 30 patients. In the final population pharmacokinetics model, body surface area and age were incorporated into clearance as significant covariates. The inter-individual variations in clearance and volume of distribution in the central and third compartments were 17.0, 26.6, and 66.3%, respectively, and the residual variability in the plasma concentration was 23.8%. Although the variability observed in the volume of distribution was large, good predictability was obtained in the individual estimation. The severity of anemia and peripheral neuropathy was correlated with clearance and peak concentration, respectively (adjusted P = 0.040 and 0.024, respectively). In diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients, those with higher area under the curve and dose experienced longer progression-free survival (P = 0.023 and 0.013, respectively). The population pharmacokinetics of VCR were evaluated in adult malignant lymphoma patients. VCR pharmacokinetic data could explain in part the adverse events and prognosis of these patients.

本研究の目的は，唾液中テストステロン濃度と高齢者の記憶との関連に見られる性差について検証することである。本研究は2010年に実施したSONIC研究の70歳代の高齢者のうち，唾液サンプルを得ている参加者197名から，記憶検査としてMoCA （Fujiwara, et al., 2010） とADAS （本間ら，1992） を受けた対象者を選定した。さらに，糖尿病と脳卒中の既往歴がなく，HbA1C8.5％未満を選定基準とし，男性69名，女性53名（平均年齢＝70.1±0.9）を分析対象とした。MoCA合計得点と，記憶，語想起，遅延再生などの下位尺度，ADASは再生と再認得点を用いた。記憶検査の得点と対数変換後のテストステロン値の関連について，性別に年齢とBMIを調整し，偏相関係数を算出した。結果，女性において，MoCA合計得点とテストステロン濃度との間に有意な負の関連が示された（r＝－0.28）。下位尺度においても，女性では語想起得点（r＝－0.32）と遅延再生得点（r＝－0.29）で負の関連が示された（全てp＜0.05）。先行研究と同様に（Bojar, et al., 2017; Thilers, et al., 2006），閉経後の高齢女性にとって，テストステロンと記憶能力の低下の関連が示唆された。今後は対象者数を増やし，縦断的な検証が求められる。