Jobs With Justice

Depressive disorder is the main cause associated with recurrent morbidity which is often associated with suicides. Treatment of depression with antidepressant and electroconvulsive therapy is commonly used and proven effective. Based on previous study, administration of lithium as an augmentation therapy showed efficacy in suicidal behavior. The role of lithium as first line for bipolar disorder in manic episodes, also be an option in unipolar depression with some conditions such as antidepressant resistence, recurrent depression, maintenance therapy which is respond to electroconvulsive therapy and suicide behavioral. Methode : The authors conducted an extensive search of the published literature using several terms, including major depressive, lithium, antidepressant and antisuicidal effects. Relevan article were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane, Springer, ScinceDirect. Conclusion : Lithium given along antidepressants has proven effective in treatment of unipolar depression, preventing relaps and also has anti-suicide effect.

PurposeIntermediaries facilitate communication with many types of vulnerable witnesses during police investigative interviews. The purpose of this paper is to find out how intermediaries engage in their role in cases where the vulnerable witness presents with one type of vulnerability, namely, dissociative identity disorder (DID).Design/methodology/approachIn phase 1, data were obtained from the National Crime Agency Witness Intermediary Team (WIT) to ascertain the demand for intermediaries in DID cases in England and Wales within a three-year period. In phase 2 of this study four intermediaries who had worked with witnesses with DID completed an in-depth questionnaire detailing their experience.FindingsReferrals for DID are currently incorporated within the category of personality disorder in the WIT database. Ten definite DID referrals and a possible additional ten cases were identified within this three-year period. Registered Intermediary participants reported having limited experience and limited specific training in dealing with DID prior to becoming a Registered Intermediary. Furthermore, intermediaries reported the many difficulties that they experienced with DID cases in terms of how best to manage the emotional personalities that may present.Originality/valueThis is the first published study where intermediaries have shared their experiences about DID cases. It highlights the complexities of obtaining a coherent account from such individuals in investigative interviews.