Joensuu Science Park

This paper presents an eXplainable AI (XAI)-based classroom game “Breakable Machine” for teaching critical, transformative AI literacy through adversarial play and interrogation of AI systems. Designed for learners aged 10–15, the game invites students to spoof an image classifier by manipulating their appearance or environment in order to trigger high-confidence misclassifications. Rather than focusing on building AI models, this activity centers on breaking them—exposing their brittleness, bias, and vulnerability through hands-on, embodied experimentation. The game includes an XAI view to help students visualize feature saliency, revealing how models attend to specific visual cues. A shared classroom leaderboard fosters collaborative inquiry and comparison of strategies, turning the classroom into a site for collective sensemaking. This approach repositions AI education by treating model failure and misclassification not as problems to be debugged, but as pedagogically rich opportunities to interrogate AI as a sociotechnical system. In doing so, the game supports students in developing data agency, ethical awareness, and a critical stance toward AI systems increasingly embedded in everyday life.

JohdantoSuomen metsien hakkuukertymt ovat olleet kasvussa viime vuosikymmenin lhes yhtjaksoisesti

The extension of NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) mission beyond the cryosphere to include the study of vegetation and the land surface has significantly advanced global Earth observation. This review synthesizes findings from 293 peer-reviewed articles and provides a comprehensive assessment of the mission’s contributions to terrestrial ecosystem science. We begin by outlining the mission’s objectives, instrumentation, and core data products—particularly ATL03 (geolocated photons) and ATL08 (terrain and canopy heights)—which have supported a wide array of applications in forestry, terrain analysis, and environmental monitoring. Our analysis shows that most studies focus on temperate and tropical broadleaf forests, with a strong emphasis on estimating canopy height, terrain elevation, and forest structure. Terrain metrics derived from ICESat-2 products typically achieve high accuracy, while vegetation variables, such as canopy height, cover, leaf area index (LAI), and aboveground biomass, demonstrate moderate to strong accuracies across biomes. While parametric models remain the most used approach, machine learning methods are expanding, and more than one third of the reviewed literature incorporates synergistic analyses with other satellite missions. Despite its versatility, ICESat-2 remains underutilized in several key domains—including nonforest vegetation, fire ecology, wildlife habitat assessment, urban monitoring, and disturbance detection—mainly due to the scarcity of standardized algorithms and validated reference datasets. However, the growing availability of open source processing tools presents a significant opportunity for expanding the user base and fostering innovation in these emerging areas. Future advancements, such as the forthcoming ATL18 gridded canopy height and terrain products, alongside synergies with missions like the European Space Agency (ESA)’s BIOMASS and the NASA–Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR), promise to enhance multisensor integration and ecosystem monitoring. Overall, ICESat-2 continues to evolve as a powerful resource for characterizing vegetation structure, ecosystem dynamics, and land surface processes on a global scale.

A series of gold‐centred carbene‐metal‐amide (CMA) complexes are prepared with a rigid benzofuroindole (BFI) and benzothioindole (BTI) amide donor ligands coordinated with bicyclic(alkyl)amino carbene (BiC)Au(I)‐moiety in high yields. CMA complexes emit in the sky‐blue range at 501 and 511 nm with unity quantum yields in amorphous solid state media. Both CMA complexes emit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) originating from a charge transfer (CT) state with an excited state lifetime as short as 473 ns, resulting in fast radiative rates of 2 × 106 s−1. The impact on the photoluminescence properties of the electron‐donating oxygen and sulfur atoms in amide‐donor ligand has been interpreted with the help of steady‐state and transient photo and electroluminescence experiments. Theoretical investigations revealed two charge‐transfer (T1 and T2) states followed by a locally excited T3 triplet state, and their spin–orbit coupling analysis. Sky‐blue host‐guest and host‐free organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices are fabricated with electroluminescence at ≈490 nm and practical external quantum efficiencies up to 23% with colour coordinates CIE (x; y) = 0.19; 0.32. The superior performance and operating stability of the neat OLEDs are correlated with the presence of the heavier sulfur atom, suggesting further molecular design modifications toward stable CMA OLED devices with a simplified architecture of the emitting layer (host‐free OLED).

Abstract. Wetland and upland ecosystems play significant but opposing roles in the global methane (CH4) budget, acting as natural sources and sinks, respectively. Two of the most common approaches for measuring CH4 fluxes (FCH4) are chambers, which capture temporally intermittent, fine-scale spatial heterogeneity (ca. 1 m2), and eddy covariance (EC) towers, which cover a larger area (ca. 100–10000 m2) at a longer term. Although chamber and EC observations have been combined in various syntheses and databases to estimate CH4 budgets, a unified cross-site evaluation of FCH4 estimates at plot and ecosystem scales is lacking. As a first step toward a systematic spatiotemporal scaling of EC tower and chamber footprints, we quantified the differences between site-level aggregate FCH4 (EC vs chamber; ΔFCH4) from ten wetland and upland sites at half-hourly, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and annual timescales. We found that ecosystem-scale median FCH4 was consistently higher than plot-scale FCH4 at all temporal scales, with the smallest difference at daily timescale (multi-site median ΔFCH4: 1.36 nmol m-2 s-1; ~ 104 % higher ecosystem-scale than plot-scale FCH4) and largest at annual scales (2.58 nmol m-2 s-1; ~ 87 % higher ecosystem-scale than plot-scale FCH4). In general, the agreement between ecosystem- and plot-scale FCH4 decreased with finer temporal resolution (from Spearman ⍴ = 0.95 at annual scale to ⍴ = 0.65 at half-hourly scale), while ΔFCH4 variation was greatest at daily-to-annual scales. Key environmental predictors of ΔFCH4 included plot-scale spatial heterogeneity, dominant vegetation type, vapor pressure deficit, atmospheric pressure, and friction velocity at the daily and monthly scales. Wind direction was a significant predictor only at the monthly scale, suggesting EC footprint effects. These findings suggest accounting for variation in EC footprint extent, chamber measurement placement and artifacts is key to reconciling multi-scale FCH4 observations in diverse ecosystems and refining CH4 budgets.

BackgroundThere is prior evidence to suggest that the time of greatest risk for partner violence for women is during the last year of marriage, when divorce is usually filed for. At the population level, the elevated risk of violence tends to decrease with time since divorce. However, there is a lack of evidence on whether women's victimization trajectories surrounding divorce vary according to whether their husbands have alcohol issues. By identifying specific patterns of victimization linked to men's alcohol use, social services could develop targeted support systems for women at risk.MethodsUsing Finnish dyadic record-linkage data of divorcing women and their husbands, we assessed changes in crime victimization for partner violence--specifically, police-reported assaults committed by husbands against their wives--over three years before and after divorce, depending on whether the husband had alcohol issues. Alcohol issues were measured using police records of a history of driving under the influence of alcohol. The study used repeated-measures logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe preliminary findings suggest that divorcing women married to men with alcohol issues experienced extremely high levels of violent victimization during the last three years of their marriage but appeared to experience drastic decreases once the divorce was finalized.ConclusionsBy demonstrating that wives of men with alcohol issues are especially vulnerable during their marriage--and not only shortly before divorce--the study may enable better identification of women who may be in danger.Key messages• Women who divorce men with alcohol issues face high levels of violence during their marriage.• The study may enable better identification of women who may be in danger.

Purpose Collaboration is an essential component in addressing the diverse needs of children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, the development of multi-sector service systems and professional collaboration face challenges due to siloed healthcare, social care and education. This study aims to examine Finnish professionals’ perspectives on optimal collaboration for adolescents with NDDs (AwNDDs). Design/methodology/approach Qualitative content analysis was used to examine five focus-group interviews with 25 professionals from the healthcare, social care and education sectors, all of whom work with children or AwNDDs. Findings The results suggest that both the service system and professional collaboration should be improved to achieve optimal collaborative service for AwNDDs. The unique aspects of professional collaboration with AwNDDs and their families were also highlighted, although to a lesser extent. Originality/value This study contributes to the scholarly debate on collaboration between professionals in health, social services and education, an area that has been under-researched compared to collaboration in health and social services in the context of AwNDDs. The study concludes with an interpretative summary constructed using Rose and Norwich’s (2014) model in the context of cross-sectional services and optimal collaboration for AwNDDs and their families, addressing practical issues and overarching principles for organising these services and enhancing collaboration between professionals.

Abstract The Arctic Council has identified and delineated 18 large marine ecosystems (LMEs) to provide a basis for the implementation of the ecosystem approach to management (EAM) in the Arctic. However, the ‘natural boundaries’ of these LMEs largely misalign with the ‘artificial boundaries’ established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This raises the question of how EAM could be effectively implemented across diverse and multiple jurisdictions of the Arctic LMEs. By visualising the so-called jurisdictional situation of all 18 Arctic LMEs, this food-for-thought article highlights the inequitable and delicate position that the zonal approach of UNCLOS creates for the protection of Arctic LMEs.