John Brown University

Mitochondrial electron transport flavoprotein (ETF) insufficiency causes metabolic diseases known as a multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD). In contrast to muscle, ETFDH is a non-essential gene in acute lymphoblastic leukemia NALM6 cells, and its expression is reduced across human cancers. In various human cancer cell lines and mouse models, ETF insufficiency caused by decreased ETFDH expression limits flexibility of OXPHOS fuel utilisation but paradoxically increases bioenergetics and accelerates neoplastic growth via activation of the mTORC1/BCL-6/4E-BP1 axis. Collectively, these findings reveal that while ETF insufficiency is rare and has detrimental effects in non-malignant tissues, it is common in neoplasia, where ETFDH downregulation leads to bioenergetic and signaling reprogramming that accelerates neoplastic growth.

• Poor indoor air quality is preventable public health risk. • The updated Energy Performance of Buildings Directive includes indoor air quality. • Europe has a major opportunity to protect the health of building occupants. • The European Union should adopt a health-based framework for indoor air quality. Poor indoor air quality is a common and preventable public health risk that contributes to chronic disease, infectious disease transmission, and economic losses. Europe’s updated Energy Performance of Buildings Directive integrates indoor environmental quality into building policy for the first time, representing a major opportunity for Europe to protect the health of building occupants and set an example for the world. With a May 2026 deadline approaching, EU Member States should adopt a health-based framework for indoor air quality and aim to harmonize standards across Europe.

High-resolution temperature models are needed to describe and predict the thermal regime of streams/rivers under current and future management. Statistical models (e.g., spatial stream network models – SSN) can cover large extents at fine resolutions. Mechanistic models (e.g., Soil and Water Assessment Tool – SWAT) offer refined temporal resolution and process-based drivers in predictions, but are time consuming to parameterize. Hybrid modeling (e.g., hybrid SSN-SWAT) approaches can leverage benefits of both types to improve temporal robustness of thermal regime model predictions across entire networks. In the Upper Rogue River Basin, OR, we compared performance of a NorWeST August mean temperature (AMT) SSN model with a hybrid SSN-SWAT AMT (Hybrid AMT) model. We extended the hybrid SSN-SWAT approach to the 7-day average daily maximum temperature metric (Hybrid 7DADM). The Hybrid AMT and Hybrid 7DADM models performed well, with similar model diagnostics between the Hybrid AMT and NorWeST AMT models, and with other SSN and mechanistic temperature models (used for temperature total maximum daily loads – TMDLs). The hybrid SSN-SWAT approach was able to incorporate the effect of dams on downstream hydrology and temperature regimes. The best-fitting hybrid SSN models incorporated upstream shade effects spanning distances of 1-5 kilometers or 1-3 hours travel time, highlighting the need to maintain upstream riparian zones to protect downstream thermal regimes.

Abstract Failures of Public Water System can erode community trust, with distrust persisting long after regulatory compliance is restored; however, evidence of trust dynamics following water infrastructure crises remains limited. In Jackson, Mississippi—where repeated boil water alerts disrupted daily life and schooling—we evaluated a school-based, student-led water testing intervention designed to support community trust and water literacy. Middle school students tested tap water for dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and lead and shared results with parents using structured reports. Although most samples met recommended guidelines and no lead was detected, parental trust in both the water supply and governing institutions declined, while neutral responses decreased significantly. These patterns indicate recalibration of trust rather than reassurance. Trust outcomes were shaped less by measured water quality than by institutional context. Our findings highlight that compliance alone is insufficient to restore trust and point to schools as important intermediaries for participatory water governance.

Objective This study examined the associations between COVID-19 related stress and alcohol use outcomes, and the role of impulsive personality traits in moderating these associations. Participants Participants were college students from a large public university in the southwestern United States (n = 425; 74.9% female) and a private mid-size institution in the southeastern United States (N = 114; 74.6% female). Methods Students completed self-report assessments during fall 2020. Hierarchical multiple regression models were conducted. Results Main effects of COVID-19 related stress, negative urgency, and sensation seeking on both alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms emerged. The association between COVID-19 related stress and AUD symptoms was greater among students with higher negative urgency. Conclusions The association between COVID-19 related stress and drinking is evident across the undergraduate student body. Findings demonstrate that students higher in negative urgency may be particularly vulnerable to AUD pathology during periods of heightened stress.

Surface water dynamics play a critical role in Earth’s climate system, influencing ecosystems, agriculture, disaster resilience, and sustainable development. Yet monitoring rivers and surface water at fine spatial and temporal scales remains challenging---especially for narrow or sediment-rich rivers that are poorly captured by low-resolution satellite data. To address this, we introduce RiverScope, a high-resolution dataset developed through collaboration between computer science and hydrology experts. RiverScope comprises 1,145 high-resolution images (covering 2,577 square kilometers) with expert-labeled river and surface water masks, requiring over 100 hours of manual annotation. Each image is co-registered with Sentinel-2, SWOT, and the SWOT River Database (SWORD), enabling the evaluation of cost-accuracy trade-offs across sensors---a key consideration for operational water monitoring. We also establish the first global, high-resolution benchmark for river width estimation, achieving a median error of 7.2 meters---significantly outperforming existing satellite-derived methods. We extensively evaluate deep networks across multiple architectures (e.g., CNNs and transformers), pretraining strategies (e.g., supervised and self-supervised), and training datasets (e.g., ImageNet and satellite imagery). Our best-performing models combine the benefits of transfer learning with the use of all the multispectral PlanetScope channels via learned adaptors. RiverScope provides a valuable resource for fine-scale and multi-sensor hydrological modeling, supporting climate adaptation and sustainable water management.

In the absence of structural asymmetry, the lunar tidal Love numbers should be order independent. Through careful analysis of GRAIL’s non-static gravity field, a recent study by Park et al. (2025; Nature) extracted statistically different ordered Love numbers for the monthly Moon tides, indicative of large scale laterally varying internal structure. In their study, they inverted for variations in shear modulus within the lunar mantle and interpreted these variations in the context of temperature variations. In a complementary, though distinct vein, we jointly invert these new Love numbers, augmented with the same Love numbers for the yearly tides, in tandem with the free-air gravity field and the center-of-mass to center-of-figure offset, to produce a long-wavelength tomographic model of the Moon’s mantle density, elastic, and anelastic properties. To do this, we adapted a normal mode perturbation theory able to predict tidal deformation derived for the Earth that incorporates the Moon's rotation, lateral variations in density, shear and bulk moduli, attenuation, and boundary topography such as the crustal-mantle interface and the core-mantle boundary (Lau et al., 2015; GJI). Since we self-consistently solve for density, shear modulus and attenuation, we are able to interpret our results in the context of both temperature and compositional variations, finding a lower contribution to variations in temperature than in Park et al.’s work and independent density variations within the nearside-farside mantle asymmetry.

The Statewide California Earthquake Center (SCEC) sequence of earthquake and aseismic slip (SEAS) group has regularly developed and published benchmarks along the years to follow recent development in the modeling of sequences of aseismic slip and earthquakes, as well as progress in numerical methods. These benchmarks, as well as the results from the different groups are publicly available at: https://strike.scec.org/cvws/seas/. It provides both reference solutions for code verification and a framework for systematic comparison of different modeling approaches. Every group is welcomed to join this Community driven comparison.Recent efforts have focused on adding physics to better reproduce earthquake cycle by considering 2-dimensional fault (Jiang et al., 2022), improve our understanding of fluid injection processes (Lambert et al., 2025), and the effect of free surface and dipping fault (Erickson et al., 2023).To follow up these developments, the SCEC SEAS group is designing two new benchmarks, that will be released to the community soon:[1] A generalization of our benchmark about fluid injection (BP6) from a 2-dimensional domain to 3-dimensional domain. In this benchmark pore fluid diffuses along a 2-dimensional fault, modifying the effective normal traction through one-way hydromechanical coupling. The fluid is injected for 10 hours on a rate strengthening faut and then shut off. The benchmark is designed to admit an analytical formulation for pore fluid diffusion while avoiding numerical singularities that may occurred with point source injection. For this reason, fluid is injected along a Gaussian profile.[2] An updated version of our previous dipping fault benchmark (BP3), in a two-dimensional medium with a free surface. Previous version assumed that the normal traction along the fault was constant. This is obviously a strong assumption, because the normal traction should increase with depth. However, this has proven to be difficult to simulate numerically as the system is going stiffer with lower normal traction. This benchmark therefore aims at providing a more realistic simulation of a dipping fault with a free surface by introducing depth dependent normal traction while also testing the ability of different numerical code to circumvent the problem of stiffness. This benchmark will be a joint benchmark with CRESCENT (Cascadia Region Earthquake Science Center).This contribution will present the design of these forthcoming benchmarks and will provide an opportunity for the community to discuss about future benchmarks and directions for SEAS code comparison efforts.

Meditation research is increasingly moving beyond the study of health-related benefits toward the investigation of non-ordinary states of consciousness and ways of being that may arise through advanced meditative practice. Alongside potential benefits, however, intensive or advanced meditation has been associated with a higher incidence of meditation-related psychological adverse effects, challenging, unpleasant, and negative experiences (MRPAEs). Although a growing body of empirical work indicates that MRPAEs are relatively prevalent, substantial heterogeneity in terminology, definitions, and assessment criteria has contributed to wide variation in reported prevalence estimates and has complicated efforts to characterize the nature, severity, and significance of these experiences. This review synthesizes the literature on MRPAEs, with particular attention to advanced and intensive meditation contexts. We examine proposed theoretical and interpretive frameworks; practitioner-, practice-, relationship-, and environmental/health-related factors associated with MRPAEs; potential risk and protective factors; considerations related to normal meditative development versus psychopathology; and key directions for future research. Overall, this review aims to provide a foundation for a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of MRPAEs and to inform approaches to advanced meditation that support both safety and effectiveness.