Johnson Controls (Germany)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Historical Applications (-1980) Contemporary Applications (1980 - 2009) Future Applications Elements of Design Material Modelling and Simulation Compression Moulding Pultrusion Winding Technique SMC (Sheet Moulding Compound) Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) and Structural Reaction Injection Moulding (SRIM) Injection Moulding Compression Moulding and One-Step Compression Moulding Press Flow Moulding - Direct Long-Fibre Thermoplastic (D-LFT) Process Extrusion Thermoplast Pultrusion Configuration of Natural Fibre Compounds and Requirements Natural-Fibre-Reinforced Materials Conclusion and Outlook Matrix Materials from Renewable Resources Durability of Natural Fibres in Polymer Composites Thermoplastic Composites Thermoset Composites Panel and Boards All-Cellulose Composites Structure of Cellulose Matrix Nano-Scale Cellulose Reinforcement Dispersion of Nanoreinforcements Processing Properties Applications References

In this theoretical work, a mathematical model of the positive active mass of a lead/acid battery considering the effect of proton incorporation into the solid material of the lead dioxide electrode is presented. It can be regarded as an extension of a classic isothermal description, well known from literature. The influence of the proton incorporation reaction on the transient behavior as well as on the steady-state profiles has been analyzed and compared to the classical model. A significant influence of the process of proton incorporation on the transients of the model quantities was found, which reflects a pseudocapacitive behavior of the positive active material. This effect stabilizes the positive electrode potential, especially at a short-time high rate current flow. It could be shown that the transport of protons through the active mass is also present in steady-state conditions. This allows the protons two alternative ways of transportation, liquid and solid phases, in both transient and steady-state situations. Proton transport in the solid phase has not been considered before and may explain the high pseudocapacity of lead dioxide positive active material.

Das im Fruhjahr 2006 erstmals vorgestellte Dolphin-Verfahren zur Herstellung von Innenraumteilen mit Softtouch-Oberflachen durch kombiniertes Spritzgiesen und Schaumen nahert sich der Serienreife. Erste Tests mit Prototypenbauteilen von Johnson Controls zeigen das Potenzial des neuen Verfahrens.