Joseph Eye Hospital

The study aimed to examine the effect of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on cardiovascular endurance among college athletes. Thirty male and female athletes (aged 18–22 years) from various sports disciplines were selected and divided into two groups: experimental (HIIT group) and control. The experimental group underwent an 8-week HIIT program, while the control group followed their regular training schedule. Cardiovascular endurance was assessed using the Cooper 12-Minute Run Test before and after the intervention. Data were analysed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests. The results indicated a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the experimental group’s mean endurance score compared to the control group. The study concludes that HIIT is an effective method for improving cardiovascular endurance in collegiate athletes and can be incorporated into athletic conditioning programs.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and side-effects of superior versus inferior laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in the management of primary angle-closure disease (PACD). Methods: In this prospective interventional randomized single-masked study, patients who were 30 years of age or older, diagnosed as primary angle-closure suspects (PACS) or primary angle closure (PAC) or primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) were randomized into two groups- superior LPI and inferior LPI. The outcome measures were patency of iridotomy, intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual side-effects at each visit during the six-month follow-up. Results: Three hundred and four eyes of 152 patients were included. The mean IOP reduced from 24.64 ± 6.35 mmHg and 24.62 ± 7.34 mmHg to 19.08 ± 2.86 mmHg and 19.07 ± 2.62 mmHg in superior and inferior LPI eyes, respectively. All LPIs were patent at six months. The mean total laser energy required to perform LPI was less in group 2 (2.8 ± 1.4 mJ) than in group 1 (4.4 ± 1.6 mJ, P < 0.01), though similar initial laser energy settings were used in both groups. The post-LPI inflammation was also lesser in inferior LPI ( P = 0.033). Two patients in both groups demonstrated dysphotopsia symptoms after LPI ( P = 1.00). Conclusion: Both superior and inferior LPIs were equally effective though inferior LPIs required lower laser power.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy is a global public health concern, associated with significant maternal and neonatal complications. Intravenous (IV) iron therapy has emerged as a potential alternative to oral iron for rapid correction of anemia, but its impact on clinical outcomes remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of IV iron compared to oral iron in improving maternal and neonatal outcomes during pregnancy. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted using major databases. A total of 15 studies, involving 4,215 pregnant women, met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were performed to assess maternal and neonatal complications, adverse events, and hemoglobin (Hb) improvement. The findings demonstrated that IV iron therapy significantly improved Hb levels more rapidly than oral iron, with a mean rise of 2.05 g/dL for IV iron compared to 1.65 g/dL for oral iron. Women receiving IV iron experienced 21% fewer maternal complications, although the difference was not statistically significant for individual complications. Neonatal outcomes, including birth weight, cord Hb levels, and preterm births, showed no significant differences between the two groups. Adverse events were significantly less frequent in the IV group (OR 0.38; 95% CI: 0.24-0.58; p < 0.01), indicating a better safety profile. This study highlights the superior efficacy of IV iron for rapid anemia correction and reduced adverse events in pregnant women. However, no significant advantage was observed for neonatal outcomes or individual maternal complications. The evidence quality for Hb improvement was high, while that for maternal and neonatal clinical outcomes varied from moderate to low. Further research is needed to explore the impact of IV iron on critical clinical outcomes and to determine the most cost-effective regimens for anemia management during pregnancy.

Disorders affecting the retina pose a considerable risk to human vision, with an array of factors including aging, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, ocular trauma, and tobacco use exacerbating this issue in contemporary times. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a rapidly developing imaging modality that is capable of identifying early signs of vascular, ocular, and central nervous system abnormalities. OCT can diagnose retinal diseases through image classification, but quantifying the laceration area requires image segmentation. To overcome this obstacle, we have developed an innovative deep learning framework that can perform both tasks simultaneously. The suggested framework employs a parallel mask-guided convolutional neural network (PM-CNN) for the classification of OCT B-scans and a grade activation map (GAM) output from the PM-CNN to help a V-Net network (GAM V-Net) to segment retinal lacerations. The guiding mask for the PM-CNN is obtained from the auxiliary segmentation job. The effectiveness of the dual framework was evaluated using a combined dataset that encompassed four publicly accessible datasets along with an additional real-time dataset. This compilation included 11 categories of retinal diseases. The four publicly available datasets provided a robust foundation for the validation of the dual framework, while the real-time dataset enabled the framework's performance to be assessed on a broader range of retinal disease categories. The segmentation Dice coefficient was 78.33±0.15%, while the classification accuracy was 99.10±0.10%. The model's ability to effectively segment retinal fluids and identify retinal lacerations on a different dataset was an excellent demonstration of its generalizability.

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a common eye surface tumour, characterized by the growth of abnormal cells on the ocular surface. OSSN includes invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), in which tumour cells penetrate the basement membrane and infiltrate the stroma, as well as non-invasive conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, dysplasia, and SCC in-situ thereby presenting a challenge in early detection and diagnosis. Early identification and precise demarcation of the OSSN border leads to straightforward and curative treatments, such as topical medicines, whereas advanced invasive lesions may need orbital exenteration, which carries a risk of death. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool in the field of eye care and holds potential for its application in OSSN management. AI algorithms trained on large datasets can analyze ocular surface images to identify suspicious lesions associated with OSSN, aiding ophthalmologists in early detection and diagnosis. AI can also track and monitor lesion progression over time, providing objective measurements to guide treatment decisions. Furthermore, AI can assist in treatment planning by offering personalized recommendations based on patient data and predicting the treatment response. This manuscript highlights the role of AI in OSSN, specifically focusing on its contributions in early detection and diagnosis, assessment of lesion progression, treatment planning, telemedicine and remote monitoring, and research and data analysis.

A 50-year-old male presented with sudden visual loss in the left eye (OS). The patient had relative afferent pupillary defect with perception of light in OS. Fundus examination revealed retinal whitening with oedematous disc, predominantly in the inferior retina, accompanied by an evolving cherry red spot and boxcarring appearance of the retinal arterioles, a tell-tale sign of retinal artery occlusion with macular perfusion cut-off [Figure 1a]. On further evaluation, left carotid stenosis and atherosclerosis with plaque were discovered. A week later, reperfusion with resolved oedematous disc was seen [Figure 1b], but visual acuity remained unchanged. This case underscores the significance of comprehensive workup of ocular diseases.[1-4]Figure 1: Fundus photograph shows (a) retinal whitening in the inferior retina with an evolving cherry red spot and boxcarring appearance of the retinal arteries suggestive of retinal artery occlusion with macular perfusion cut-off, (b) reperfusion of occluded artery shown by reduction in retinal whiteningDeclaration of patient consent The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form, the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published, and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Glaucoma, a prevalent and debilitating eye disease, has long been associated with vision impairment and blindness. However, recent research has shed light on the often-underestimated psychological dimensions of this condition. Anxiety and depression, two pervasive psychiatric comorbidities, have been increasingly recognized among glaucoma patients. This comprehensive review aims to explore the intricate relationship between psychiatry and ophthalmology, in the context of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients. By meticulously examining peer-reviewed literature, we synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence, risk factors, and underlying mechanisms of anxiety and depression in glaucoma. The evidence reveals that glaucoma patients face an elevated risk of experiencing these mood disorders. Factors such as progressive vision loss, complex medication regimens, and the fear of further visual deterioration contribute to their vulnerability. Moreover, we delve into the bidirectional relationship between glaucoma and mood disorders, shedding light on the complex interplay between ocular and emotional health. Our review investigates the implications of anxiety and depression on glaucoma management, including their potential impact on treatment adherence, disease progression, and overall quality of life. We also explore the neurobiological pathways linking glaucoma and mood disorders, providing a foundation for future research and potential therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, recognizing the psychological burden carried by glaucoma patients is essential for holistic and patient-centered care. This review underscores the pressing need for integrated approaches that bring together ophthalmological and psychiatric expertise to optimize the well-being of individuals facing the challenges of glaucoma. By addressing anxiety and depression in glaucoma care, healthcare providers can enhance the overall quality of life for these patients, ultimately leading to improved outcomes and a brighter future for those affected by this condition. This review offers valuable insight for healthcare practitioners and researchers, providing a concise overview of key topics and research in the field of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients.

A 42-year-old male presented with defective vision in the right eye (OD) following a chest compression injury. Examination of OD showed subconjunctival haemorrhage and areas of retinal whitening suggestive of Purtscher flecken along with retinal haemorrhages [Figure 1a], with normal findings in the left eye [Figure 1b]. Purtscher retinopathy remains an intriguing ocular puzzle, seldom encountered in trauma patients.[1-4] This rare case highlights the need for heightened vigilance among ophthalmologists, as it may confound expectations with atypical presentations, urging clinicians to decipher its enigmatic pathogenesis and management complexities. Imaging is a crucial tool for monitoring and diagnosing these conditions.Figure 1:: The fundus photograph shows (a) Purtscher flecken and retinal haemorrhages on the right eye, suggestive of Purtscher retinopathy, and (b) normal findings on the left eyeDeclaration of patient consent The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form, the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Multi-distributed high-performance computers from many companies are aggregated into a single computing platform to provide handlers with uniform contact besides convention outlines. Job arrangement strategies in High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments are lacking in flexibility, so an enhanced computational intelligence automated system in the task ready queue, refinement of the principal planner aimed at every job, and increased arrangement of the job setting up plan are proposed in this paper, which introduces an improved task scheduling model. The swarm intelligence method is used in core task scheduling to reduce the average scheduling time for completing tasks by assigning jobs to each node in the most efficient manner possible. The suggested scheduling technique outperforms the standard work scheduling approach in simulations. Task waiting times can be reduced, system throughput increased, task response times improved, and system resources better utilized by using a job setting up method created on group Acumen systems