Joyson Safety Systems (Germany)

Abstract Polylactide (PLA) is a bio-based, biodegradable polymer of high biomedical relevance. In this work, low-energy electron beam (LEEB) treatment was applied to PLA films to study structural and surface modifications. A set of complementary techniques revealed a dose-dependent reduction in molecular weight (GPC), minor alterations in functional groups (FTIR, XPS), and increased oxygen-containing species on the surface. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated chain scission–induced reorganization, while contact angle and pH measurements showed enhanced hydrophilicity and gradual surface acidification. Electrostatic field measurements further demonstrated increased surface charge buildup with dose. These findings highlight that LEEB treatment induces both degradation and surface range modifications, which are strongly dose-dependent. The results provide a basis for identifying irradiation parameters suitable for future antimicrobial testing.

Dividing a System on Chip (SoC) into multiple smaller chiplets and embedding them into a single package has gained significant traction in recent years through more widespread adoption in digital circuitry. Despite benefits of reduced interference, protection against environmental influences and overcoming the “Interconnection Gap”, its usage in integrated analog circuits fails to match pace with digital designs. Adoption is likely impeded by an over-reliance on single-chip packages as they prioritize high-frequency performance over integration densities. We therefore demonstrate the first modular system approach with an embedded Wafer-Level Ball grid array (eWLB) package that does not compromise on either integration density nor performance. Restricted only by the maximum package dimensions, the number of channels can be adjusted application-specifically. This allows the system to scale down for low-cost, low-power applications while conversely facilitating massive MIMO. Exemplarily, a 4 × 4 radar System in Package (SiP) with five 130 nm B11HFC SiGe chiplets in a small form factor of 7.8 mm × 8.8 mm was manufactured for this work. It contains a central VCO that feeds four transceivers of identical design that can be configured as receivers or transceivers through the package’s layout. The configuration is solely package-based, enabling chip designs to be reused and thus drastically reducing development time. It also permits homogeneous or heterogeneous substitution of the chiplets based on available fabrication facilities and economic considerations. With its 15.6 dBi comb-line antennas, target detection within 76–77 GHz has been verified up to 36 m in range and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula>30° in azimuth. Adverse to single-chip solutions, this novel chiplet approach splits up temperature hotspots into smaller, localized areas of elevated temperature. While advantageous for the dissipation of heat, it imposes additional challenges thermomechanically as well as electromagnetically. The compromise between performance and reliability is therefore addressed with a detailed examination of the solderball placement and package-to-PCB interfaces.

Light scattering aerosol spectrometers (also known as optical particle counters, OPCs) are widely used for aerosol quantification. The single particle counting method, which is based on light scattering, can measure the size distribution and the number concentration of the sampled aerosol. However, this method is limited to low concentrations due to coincidence error. At higher concentrations, the particle pulses overlap and cannot be counted individually. It was recently shown that the detector signal of an optical aerosol spectrometer can also be evaluated by fluctuation analysis if the concentration is significantly higher than the coincidence limit of the device. This new mode of operation cannot yet provide a detailed size distribution but itis feasible to measure the median particle size and number concentration independently. The measurement information required for fluctuation analysis is drawn from the intensity distribution of the detector signal instead of individual pulses. Therefore, fluctuation analysis requires a certain average number of particles inside the measuring volume so that the detector output continuously leaves the baseline. Theminimum number concentration of the fluctuation analysis is around a factor of20 higher than the coincidence limit for single particle counting. Consequently, there is a concentration range where neither single particle counting, nor fluctuation analysis can be used. This work introduces a new statistical signal analysis to bridge this gap. The new measurement method was experimentally verified using a monodisperse di-ethyl-hexyl-sebacat aerosol with a particle size range of 0.3 µm to 2.2 µm and a number concentration range of 1 × 10 4 cm −3 to 2 × 10 5 cm −3 . An accuracy of 2 % with respect to median particle size and 5 % with respect to number concentration was achieved. The new method finally closes the gap between single particle counting and fluctuation analysis, enabling light scattering aerosol spectrometers to quantify aerosols at any given concentration. • Statistical fluctuation analysis measures particle size and number concentration. • Bridges the gap between single particle counting and fluctuation analysis. • Validated using DEHS aerosol with a number concentration from 1 × 10 4 cm −3 to 2 × 10 5 cm −3 . • Particle size of the monodisperse aerosol was between 0.3 µm and 2.2 µm. • Measurement accuracy for particle size was 2 % and 5 % for number concentration.

Zusammenfassung Der von der DIF entwickelte DIDComm-Standard hat bei der Digitalisierung von Geschäftsprozessen ganz klare Vorteile gegenüber den OpenID-Protokollen. Diese Vorteile werden nach Einführung in die Thematik anhand konkreter Anwendungsszenarien aufgezeigt. Nur mithilfe der Verwendung von DIDs und DIDComm-Protokollen ist das im Artikel zur RessortID avisierte Potenzial zur Automatisierung von Geschäfts- und Verwaltungsprozessen sowie das bei machine-readable Governance absehbare Potenzial für RegTech-Anwendungen erschließbar. Der Artikel stellt zudem die von KAPRION entwickelte neue DID-Methode did:kt vor.

We present a method that estimates the ego motion of a vehicle based on camera data of high resolution (207x204 pixels) Time-of-Flight cameras using visual odometry techniques. Translation and rotation of camera motion in six degrees of freedom are calculated. Point correspondences in consecutive amplitude image pairs are built. By consideration of the depth image of the camera 3D point correspondences are derived from the two dimensional point correspondences. Camera motion between the two images is then computed by registration of the two resulting point clouds. The process is optimized by incorporation of outlier removal and a multi sensor setup. The presented optimizations raise the precision and robustness of the method and enable visual odometry by Time-of-Flight camera data as an alternative to common odometry systems in low speed scenarios.

Other than the brittle failure, the ductile behavior of the aged nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels is also of interest for the integrity assessment and evaluation of the irradiation response. The fracture toughness of high toughness materials like RPV steels can be characterized by a J-R curve. Since the RPV steel material available for testing purposes, like surveillance specimens, is limited, the single specimen method is used for the J-R curve determination. In this study, J-R curves were measured on Charpy size SE(B) and 1T-C(T) specimens of different RPV steels in the unirradiated and irradiated conditions. It was observed that despite the available sophisticated instrumentation and strict implementation of the recommended test procedures, the J-initiation value for all the different material specimens tested could not be ascertained according to the test standards ASTM E1820 and ISO 12 135. For Charpy size SE(B) specimens, it was found that though valid JIC/J0.2BL values could be obtained in irradiated conditions, in un-irradiated conditions, especially for high toughness RPV steels, it was not possible. The evaluation showed that the aoq fit of the ASTM standard compensates uncertainties in the initial J-Δa value resulting in reliable and more number of qualified test results. But these uncertainties strongly influence the A parameters of the ISO fit and the J0.2BL(B) value. Additionally, in the ISO evaluation the lower offset of the first exclusion line and a higher slope results in lower J0.2BL values compared to the ASTM analysis. Furthermore, for the two specimen geometries the course of J-R curves up to the JQ value was similar even for high toughness materials, but the lower specimen size was disqualified due to the lower prescribed Jlimit. Similarly, the J-R curves for un-irradiated and irradiated condition had a similar course up to the J0.2BL value, even for extremely high irradiation induced embrittlement.

The approximately 41-ct Dresden Green diamond is the largest, and perhaps the finest, green diamond known to have a color of natural origin. A diamond so rich in. history is well worth studying for that reason alone> but the Dresden Grem offers the unique opportunity of adding valuable data to the quest for means to distinguish natural from laboratory-inadiated green diamonds. In November of 1988, two senior GIA staff members visited the Green Vaults with this goal in mind. The Dresden Green diamond proved to be not only of extraordinary quality but also a vary rare type IIa-me of the purest foims of diamond. In addition, the spectial characteristics of this stone were found to overlap those of k n m treated diamonds. The history locality o w , and properties of the Dimden Grem diamond are discussed in detail in this article,