Juniper Networks (United States)

This study investigated the potential influences of administration context on the measurement of child skills over time. The BOSCC was administered to preschool-aged children with autism at two time points at school by trained research staff and at home by the parent. Children showed improvements across all subscales and the total score over time. The Social-communication and Core total scores yield similar information in both contexts, but Restricted and Repetitive Behavior and Other Abnormal Behavior subscales scores were not related. Further, subscale and total scores are correlated between contexts at individual time points but not over time. These results underscore the importance of purposeful selection of measures and their administration context.

We discuss the progress made in designing Open Optical Networks from the humble beginnings to the present state. After analysing the current state of the art, we finish by discussing open issues, challenges and future directions.

Advanced electronic systems such as networking equipment often adopt highly complex printed circuit boards. The high layer count and large thickness of these boards creates new challenges for component and system reliability. An area of concern is accelerated solder joint fatigue. The much-increased stiffness of these PCBs induces large strains on solder joints, which can decrease the lifetime of these connections. Large and critical components receive a great amount of attention, with risk management measures developed for these particular components. At the same time, standard components with smaller body sizes can have surprisingly higher risk attributes. In this work, we evaluate the solder joint reliability of QFN and FBGA components and compare them with a much larger BGA component. In addition, the effects of PCB thickness on the QFN components are assessed using numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that packaging construction and component pin layout are dominant factors in determining board-level solder joint reliability. PCB layout optimization can provide some level of stress relief, but effectiveness and adoption can be limited by individual component and product designs.

Analysis and management of big data are important areas of research for data researchers and scientists. Both the industry and governmental agencies have invested tremendous resources and effort in the area of big data analysis and management in the past decade. Within the realm of big data, spatial and spatio-temporal data are still one of the fastest-growing types of data. With advances in remote sensors, sensor networks, and the proliferation of location sensing devices in daily life activities and common business practices, the generation of disparate, dynamic, and geographically distributed spatiotemporal data has continued to explode in recent years. In addition, significant progress in ground, air, and space-borne sensor technologies has led to unprecedented access to earth science data for scientists from different disciplines. For example, NASA recently collected its 10 millionth Landsat image [4] and the volume of satellite imagery being collected has reached the petabyte scale. Analysis of this large-scale data poses new challenges to researchers.

Time-series forecasting has been an important research domain with significant applications, such as ECG predictions, sales forecasting, weather conditions, and recently COVID-19 spread predictions. Many researchers have investigated a multitude of modeling approaches to meet the requirements of these wide ranges of applications. In this context, our work focuses on reviewing different forecasting approaches for telemetry data collected in networks and data centers. Forecasting of telemetry data is a critical feature of network and data center management products. However, there are multiple options of forecasting approaches that range from a simple linear statistical model to high-capacity deep learning architectures. In this paper, we summarize and evaluate the performance of many well-known time series forecasting techniques. This research evaluation aims to provide a comprehensive summary for further innovation in forecasting approaches for telemetry data.

In this study, the effects of aging and Bi content on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi alloys were investigated. Samples of three types of alloys, SAC405, $\text{SAC}405+2\%\text{Bi}$ , and $\text{SAC}405+3\%\text{Bi}$ , were cast and subjected to aging at 25°C, 75°C, and 125°C for up to 90 days. For samples from each of the temperature and storage durations, the microstructure was investigated with SEM and the mechanical properties, including hardness and creep strength, were studied by nano-indentation. The results revealed that the addition of Bi induced pronounced changes in the size and distribution of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and subsequently the mechanical properties. 2% to 3% Bi addition to SAC405 can greatly enhance the creep strength of SAC405 with aging as the Bi caused IMCs to be finely dispersed in Sn matrix. Moreover, Bi content of 2% to 3% in SAC405 was able to retain the hardness as it was in the as-cast condition. The results provide important information on solder selection for applications where solder joint fatigue life is main consideration.

Schools continue to rely on disciplinary exclusions as a consequence for behavioral rule violations, despite evidence that removing students from instruction for discipline purposes is associated with poor behavioral, academic, and social outcomes. School-wide positive behavior interventions and supports (SWPBIS) is one multitiered support framework used to prevent behavior problems while developing effective and efficient systems for intervening with students who require more support. Prior research suggests implementing Tier 1 of SWPBIS with fidelity is associated with reductions in disciplinary exclusions. In this study, we evaluated the additive effects of implementing Tier 1 and advanced tiers (i.e., Tiers 2 and 3) with fidelity compared with Tier 1 alone for 558 schools in California. Results indicate schools implementing all three tiers with fidelity had significantly lower rates of students receiving one out-of-school suspension, out-of-school suspension incidents, and referrals to law enforcement. We also discuss implications and recommendations for future research.

BackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of chronic childhood disability. Caregivers often provide prolonged care over patients’ life span, thus measuring the impact of the disease and its treatments on caregivers has become a recent focus in research. The current study aims to present an evaluation of the reliability and responsiveness of assessment of caregiver experience with neuromuscular disease (ACEND) following botulinum toxin injection to relieve spasticity in children with CP.MethodsPatients with baseline ACEND scores and at least one assessment following botulinum toxin injection were enrolled. Data on their gender, age, diagnoses, and functional levels (according to The Gross Motor Function Classification System, GMFCS), and ACEND scores were analyzed. Statistical analyses performed included paired t-test and linear regression.ResultsBaseline ACEND scores (117.7±47.7) were strongly correlated with follow-up scores (120.4±49.5) with a coefficient of 0.929 (P<0.001), suggesting the high reliability of the questionnaire. Paired-sample t-test revealed an insignificant average improvement in ACEND of 2.7 (P=0.352). The ICD-10 code and the GMFCS level were found to be significant predictors for baseline (P=0.043, P<0.001) and follow-up ACEND scores (P=0.025, P<0.001). Male gender was a significant predictor for improvement in ACEND scores.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the reliability of ACEND through strong correlations of scores before and after botulinum toxin injection. In terms of responsiveness, while the burden of care is largely determined by ICD-10 diagnosis and the GMFCS level, changes in care burden are only related to the gender of the patient and the follow-up time interval.

The purpose of this study is to provide base information that can be utilized in surveying the status of landscape management within apartment complexes and grasping the conditions of the soil for planting plants, as a way to improve the quality of green spaces by repairing poorly vegetated spaces within apartment complexes and remodeling them with diverse species of plants. Considering that trees and shrubs of equal sizes are simultaneously planted upon the completion of apartment complexes, they were divided based on their completion year at the interval of 5 years and differences in the growth of trees and the components of soil over time were analyzed. Out of the species of trees planted in all the 9 apartment complexes surveyed in this study, the growth of 4 species of needleleaf trees and 4 species of broadleaf trees were surveyed. Juniperus chinensis 'Kaizuka' and Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. out of the needleleaf trees and Malus floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte out of the broadleaf trees showed the highest growth rate when over 5 years passed after planting and their growth rate decreased when over 10 years passed. Platycladus orientalis and Acer palmatum Thunb. in the apartment complexes that were built over 10 years ago showed the highest growth rate, which indicates that the species require a relatively long period of time for growth. The hardness of the soil at the areas where trees were planted but their soil surface was bare was analyzed. When over 5 years passed after the completion of apartment complexes, over 20 mm of the soil was found to be stamped. The physicochemical properties of soil were also surveyed and the pH level was found to have been continuously high ever since the completion. The organic content in the surveyed soil was about 1/3 of the content in fertile soil, which means that additional fertilization is required. These results indicate that the stamped soil and the health of soil can be restored, when replanting plants in bare areas, by adding plans to improve soil, such as designing drain ways around the planted areas, transporting soil for the 50 cm depth of the ground and mixing organic matters such as chaff, and simply by planting groundcover plants in the lower part of tress and shrubs.