K.S. Hegde Hospital

Objective: To evaluate the biomechanical response of the Forsus Fatigue-resistant Device (FRD) on the dentofacial complex using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Methodology: High-resolution computed tomography scans were used to create the detailed anatomical models of the maxilla, mandible, dentition, periodontal ligament, and supporting bone. Forsus FRD, McLaughlin, Bennett, and Trevisi (MBT) brackets, and 19 × 25 stainless steel archwires were modeled using CATIA and meshed using HYPERMESH. Material properties and boundary conditions were assigned, and simulations were conducted in ANSYS 14.5. Forces at 2 mm–10 mm activations were analyzed for stress and deformation patterns across skeletal and dental structures. Results: Forsus FRD showed consistent stress distribution across telescopic rods and helical springs, with peak deformation localized near the mandibular attachment. Incremental activations revealed a linear increase in force output and associated stress in the dentoalveolar structures. Maximal stress concentrations were observed at the mandibular canine brackets and the maxillary first molar tubes, correlating with the areas of highest deformation. Brackets and archwires exhibited mild-to-moderate stress under loading conditions, remaining within safe biomechanical thresholds. Conclusion: The Forsus FRD delivers controlled, continuous forces with predictable stress patterns, demonstrating its efficacy in noncompliant Class II correction. The appliance’s biomechanical design minimizes fatigue risk while effectively engaging the skeletal and dental components. Finite element modeling serves as a powerful tool for visualizing and quantifying orthodontic force systems, advancing evidence-based appliance selection and treatment planning.

Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog (SIRT1), a key protein involved in cellular regulation, exhibits altered expression in breast cancer. The study aimed to assess serum Sirtuin 1 level, investigate SIRT1 gene polymorphisms, and examine their association with breast cancer. One hundred seventy-two breast cancer patients and 78 healthy age-matched females were included in the study. Genetic variants of the SIRT1 gene were identified using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism/Sanger Sequencing and serum SIRT1 levels using Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. Serum SIRT1 levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients [0.822 (0.72-0.96)] than controls [0.752 (0.66-0.86)], p = 0.0027. Subgroup analyses revealed notable increases in Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (p = 0.0016), hormone-positive (p = 0.0232), and Triple Negative Breast Cancer groups (p = 0.4426) compared to the control group. The SIRT1 levels were also significantly associated with breast cancer (p = 0.0252). SIRT1 exhibited an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.618, with 58% sensitivity and specificity at a cutoff of 0.797, showing poor discriminative ability. rs141528984 had a significant difference in allele frequency between patient group and control group (OR = 3.48, 95% CI: 1.896-6.516), p < 0.0001. There were no significant associations between SIRT1 gene polymorphisms and serum Sirtuin 1 levels in breast cancer patients. The proliferation marker Ki67 showed a significant association (p = 0.0428) with specific SIRT1 variants, rs777323664, rs757804740, and rs184282868. SIRT1 levels are elevated in breast cancer patients indicate its potential as a diagnostic marker. Mutant alleles of rs141528984 were more common in controls compared to case group, indicating its protective function. Ki67 expression was associated with rs777323, rs757804740, and rs1842828683 which may contribute to tumor aggressiveness.

AimAdenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a slow-growing, rare lesion that arises from the odontogenic epithelium. It predominantly involves the bone that supports teeth and exhibits different levels of inductive alterations within the connective tissue.Case descriptionA 10-year-old female presented with a missing lower left front tooth since birth. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed an odontogenic neoplasm with respect to the retained deciduous teeth. Under local anesthesia, enucleation of the lesion was carried out followed by application of Carnoy's solution. The diagnosis of AOT was established based on histopathological examination. Two-year follow-up orthopantomograms (OPG) revealed good healing with no signs of recurrence, and permanent successors had successfully erupted.ConclusionThe methodology employed in this study ensured nonrecurrence of the lesion and facilitated the successful eruption of the impacted teeth. Although the recurrence rate was relatively low, the need for periodic follow-up cannot be overstated.Clinical significanceEarly diagnosis and conservative surgical management of AOT are crucial to prevent complications and ensure proper eruption of permanent teeth. The use of adjunctive therapy like Carnoy's solution may aid in minimizing recurrence, highlighting the importance of regular follow-up.How to cite this articlePriya K, Shetty YR, Saha S, et al. Carnoy's Solution for the Management of a Pediatric Patient with Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor: A Case Report with 2-year Follow-up. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1507–1511.

BackgroundHormonal fluctuations across a woman’s life stages can influence systemic and oral health. However, comparative data on salivary characteristics and oral hygiene across different hormonal phases remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the salivary flow rate, salivary pH, and oral hygiene status among women in the menstruating, mid-cycle (ovulatory phase), pregnant-third trimester, and menopausal phases.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 80 women (n=20 per group: mid-cycle (ovulatory phase), menstruating, pregnant-third trimester, menopausal) were examined. Unstimulated salivary flow (mL/5 min) and pH were measured; oral hygiene was assessed with the OHI-S. Outcomes were analyzed by ANCOVAwith age as a covariate. When omnibus effects were significant, Tukey-adjusted pairwise comparisons of estimated marginal means (EMMs) were performed. Effect sizes are reported as partial eta-squared (η²p) values; salivary flow is reported as mL/min for interpretability.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, salivary flow differed by group (F=92.10, p<0.001; η²p=0.787). The adjusted means (mL/min) were as follows: mid-cycle 0.831, menstruating 0.912, pregnant 0.427, and menopausal 0.460; menstruating and mid-cycle were greater than pregnant and menopausal (all p<0.001), with no difference between pregnant and menopausal women (p=0.980). Salivary pH also differed (F=16.55, p<0.001, η²p=0.398): mid-cycle 7.65, menstruating 7.63, pregnant 6.93, menopausal 6.63; cycling groups exceeded pregnant and menopausal (most p<0.01), whereas mid-cycle vs menstruating and pregnant vs menopausal groups were not significant. Age was not associated with flow (p=0.931) or pH (p=0.843). Oral hygiene categories differed by group (Fisher’s exact p<0.001), with poorer hygiene in pregnant and menopausal women. However, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference, findings are restricted to third-trimester pregnancies, and unmeasured factors such as oral hygiene, diet, socioeconomic status, and medication use may have influenced outcomes.ConclusionsThe study indicates that hormonal phases, particularly third-trimester pregnancy and menopause, are associated with reduced salivary flow, lower pH, and poorer oral hygiene, underscoring the need for stage-specific preventive strategies and collaboration between gynecologists and dental professionals.

Gastric ulcers are the most prevalent gastrointestinaldisorder. Bombax ceiba Linn. has beentraditionally used forthe treatment of gastric ulcers and other intestinal complications.This study aimed to evaluate the gastric antiulcerogenic potentialof the B. ceiba gum. The gum was testedorally in rats with experimentally induced gastric ulcers. The gumdemonstrated antiulcer activity by reducing the gastric juice volume,free and total acidity, ulcer index, and increasing gastric pH. LC–MS/MS-basedglobal metabolomics revealed a variety of alkaloids, flavonoids, andglycosides, among others, in the B. ceiba gum. Network pharmacology was employed to identify the human proteintargets for the B. ceiba gum metabolites.Further, the target proteins were docked against the B. ceiba gum phytoconstituents. Proteins such asEGFR, SRC, COX2, and MMPs, known for their involvement in gastriculcer healing, demonstrated tight interactions with the phytoconstituentsof B. ceiba gum. The B. ceiba gum was found to possess potent gastroprotectiveproperties, and the results supported the use of the gum of this plantin the treatment of gastric ulcers.

The infant distress scale (IDS) was developed to assess the unpleasant feeling (distress) triggered by intramuscular injection where the child experiences pain. Numerous pain scale exists to measure pain during painful procedure, but only a few scales measuring the distress, So the investigator intended to evaluate the reliability and validity of the IDS in assessing distress both during and after intramuscular injection. The methodological research design was used to test and evaluate the research instrument. The study was conducted at an immunization clinic. Twenty infants aged between 1 to 6 months who received intramuscular vaccination were included in this study. Two observers measured the distress using separate Infant Distress Scale by observing the video recordings. In total around 120 observations were made. Face validity and content validity were established for the tool. Internal consistency of the scale was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha, with values ranging from 0.731-0.821 and the content validity index is 0.89. The study concluded that the IDS is statistically valid and reliable.

Counterfeit products have become a growing threat to consumer safety, brand value, and global trade, particularly with the rise of digital commerce and globalization. Traditional countermeasures such as RFID, holograms, or centralized verification systems often fall short due to their vulnerability to duplication, tampering, and lack of transparency. By leveraging blockchain’s decentralized and immutable ledger, the system ensures that once product data is registered, it remains tamperproof, thereby providing a reliable basis for authenticity verification. In this framework, each item produced is assigned a distinct identifier—such as a QR code or barcode—linked to blockchain records that store product metadata and ownership history. End users can validate authenticity by scanning the identifier through a mobile application, which interacts with the blockchain to confirm legitimacy. A successful match authenticates the product, while mismatches identify counterfeit goods. The architecture also incorporates role-based dashboards, enabling manufacturers to register and monitor items, vendors to manage certified inventories,and buyers to instantly validate purchases. With the integration of automated smart contracts code generation, and real-time blockchain interactions, the system demonstrates scalability, security, and cost-effectiveness. By combining tamper-proof records with accessible verification tools, the model enhances supply chain traceability, strengthens consumer confidence, and safeguards brand reputation. Potential future extensions include applying artificial intelligence for predictive fraud detection, integrating IoT sensors for live tracking, and optimizing blockchain deployment for industrial-scale adoption. This approach offers a robust pathway toward protecting consumers and industries from the risks of counterfeiting.

Apex 2.5mm micro-Multileaf Collimator(mMLC) provides conformal dose distribution to the tumor in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)/stereotactic radiotherapy(SRT) treatments. Since it is an add-on device to the linear accelerator(LINAC), it requires extra commissioning for quality assurance(QA) and treatment. Agility is an in-built MLC having a 5mm multileaf collimator(MLC) width that is capable of providing better outcomes for SRS/SRT. Hence, this study compares the apex-based dynamic conformal arc therapy(DCAT) and agility-based volumetric-modulated arc therapy(VMAT) treatment plans using 6MV flattening filter-free(FFF) radiation beams. The population included thirty patients with brain metastasis(BM) with median age of 58 years(35y-75y) treated between 2021 and 2024. The selected patients were grouped into five categories based on the dose to be delivered, with six patients in every group. The dose delivered in groups I, II, III, IV, and V were 16Gy/1fraction(Fr), 18Gy/1Fr, 20Gy/1Fr, 24Gy/1Fr, and 25Gy/5Fr respectively. Two treatment plans were generated for every patient using the apex-based DCAT and agility-based VMAT technique with 6 MV-FFF photon beam energy using Monaco(5.11.03) treatment planning system(TPS). The planning target volume(PTV) and gross tumor volume(GTV) coverage were excellent in both planning techniques. Conformity index(CI), gradient index(GI), selectivity index(SI), and coverage ratios were similar in both plans. The homogeneity index(HI) was superior with apex-based plans. Total monitor units(MUs) were higher in agility-based plans, resulting in high beam-on time. As the apex is an add-on device to the collimator of the LINAC machine, it requires additional time for commissioning and QA before the treatment. Agility, with in built 5mm MLC, does not require extra commissioning. Dosimetrically, the treatment plans achieved with agility were comparable with apex-based plans except for total MUs. If this is kept aside, 5mm MLC agility-based VMAT FFF plans are capable of giving good outcomes for SRS/SRT treatments.

An ecological community of commensals, symbiotic and pathogenic organisms share our body space. Alterations in the ecologically balanced population of microflora result in dysbiosis and are critical determinants of systemic health and diseases, especially in the context of immunosuppression. The oral microbiome and chronic inflammation may have a role in carcinogenesis.