KHM-Museumsverband

This study introduces an innovative approach to the long-standing challenge of determining the animal origin of blood used in artworks - an issue of central relevance to art historians aiming to understand historical techniques, symbolic meanings, and the cultural traditions associated with artistic materials. Using LC-MS/MS analysis, species-specific peptide sequences of blood proteins were identified, allowing for the discrimination of seven animal species (cat, cow, dog, goose, hen, human, and pig). This analytical approach was successfully applied to a series of model samples containing blood, confirming both the proteinaceous composition and the animal origin of the blood. Furthermore, the method enabled the identification of pig blood in historical samples taken from Japanese and Chinese lacquer artefacts dating from the 18th and 19th centuries. The novelty of this work lies in a new strategy for data evaluation that facilitates the creation of custom peptide databases tailored to distinguish specific animal species. This approach overcomes a major limitation in proteomic studies - namely, the lack of complete sequence data for many animals - by incorporating homologous sequences from closely related species. The strategy demonstrates a high degree of effectiveness when implemented within a clearly defined group of animal species, such as those historically utilised in the production of blood-based artistic materials. This approach offers a novel pathway for the molecular identification of animal origin in cultural heritage contexts and establishes a robust foundation for future interdisciplinary investigations bridging art history, conservation science, and molecular biology.

The article is devoted to the results of field research conducted by the authors in Kenozero, in cooperation with the Kenozero National Park (in 2023–2024). For the first time, new data on cult stones that had not previously attracted sufficient attention from researchers are introduced into scientific circulation. As a result, nine objects were recorded and examined.

Polymers are an integral part of our world [...].

formála að Íslendingabók segist Ari fróði Þorgilsson hafa sýnt biskupunum Þorláki Runólfssyni í Skálholti (biskup 1122–1145) og Katli Þorsteinssyni á Hólum (biskup 1118–1133) eldri gerð textans. Að því búnu endursamdi hann textann með hliðsjón af „því es mér varð síðan kunnara ok nú es gerr sagt á þessi en á þeiri.“ Tilvísunin til biskupanna hefur verið notuð til að tímasetja textann til árabilsins 1122–1133, enda þótt tilvísun til Guðmundar Þorgeirssonar (lögsögumaður 1123– 1134) í skrá yfir lögsögumenn í textanum hafi verið notuð til að tímasetja hann til 1134 eða síðar. Fræðimenn hafa ekki verið á einu máli um muninn á gerðunum tveimur, hvort báðar hafi gengið í handritum eða hvort eldri gerðin hafi yfirleitt nokkurn tíma verið til. Umræðan um aldursgreiningu Íslendingabókar og ritun hennar hefur fyrst og fremst beinst að því hvernig texti hennar var notaður af íslenskum fræðimönnum á miðöldum. Í þessari grein beini ég aftur á móti sjónum að heimildum Ara. Hvað gæti hann hafa fengið vitneskju um á milli fyrstu og annarrar gerðar Íslendingabókar? Tvö lykilatriði koma til greina: Skrá yfir látna úr Historia Hierosolymitana eftir Fulcher frá Chartres og tilvísunin til Guðmundar Þorgeirssonar. Á þessum grundvelli færi ég rök að því að varðveitt gerð Íslendingabókar geti ekki hafa verið samin fyrir 1125 og að tímasetningin 1134–1135 sé mun líklegri.

Natural fiber composites have gained increasing attention due to sustainability considerations. One often neglected aspect is the potential for the mechanical recycling of such materials. In this work, we compounded injection-molded polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA) short cellulose fiber composites with fiber shares up to 40 percent by weight. Both matrix materials were reinforced by the addition of the fibers. We investigated a trifold full recycling process, where we subjected the materials produced in the first place to compounding, injection molding, testing, and shredding, and then repeated the process. Although the materials’ properties assigned to degradation were found to decrease with progressive recycling, attractive mechanical properties could be preserved even after the third reprocessing cycle.

Short-fiber reinforcement is a potent approach to improving the material properties of injection-molded parts. The main consideration in such reinforced materials is to preserve the fiber length, as this is the major influence on the properties of a given composite. The aim of this work was to investigate the different influencing parameters in injection molding processing on the properties of short carbon and glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene. We investigated parameters like melt temperature and back pressure, but also machine size and pre-heating regarding their influence on the tensile properties. We found that adjustments of melt temperature and back pressure only yield small improvements in the fiber length and the tensile properties, also depending on machine size, but a pre-heating step of the granules can significantly improve the properties.

No abstract available.

Abstract Extrusion is a key process in mechanical recycling. In a degassing step, volatile components, including all impurities and moisture, are removed from a polymer melt to ensure consistently high quality of the recyclates. Predicting devolatilization performance is therefore of interest in the design of degassing screws; in the plastics industry, it also plays an important role in the transition from a linear to a circular economy. Using two different devolatilization models, we first modelled the degassing process of a lab-scale twin-screw extruder and an industrial-scale recycling single-screw extruder. We then predicted the devolatilization performance of both machines, validated the results with experimental data obtained from emissions tests carried out with post-industrial and post-consumer polypropylene materials and performed linear regression analysis to compare our two models in terms of predictive quality. Our results showed that both models are equally suitable for reliable prediction of the devolatilization performance.

architektúry Michel Ragon, ktorí operujú s Babylonskou vežou ako archetypom predstáv budúcich miest. Neskôr v sedemdesiatych rokoch teoretik Oskár Čepan adresuje cez Tatlinov pomník Tretej internacionály schopnosť Babylonskej veže materializovať dané spoločensko-politické usporiadanie a pomery. Francúzsky teoretik, kritik a filozof Roland Barthes podobne ako Čepan tematizuje "monumentálne" vlastnosti veže a odvoláva sa na jej schopnosť viazať ľudskú imagináciu. Príspevok zaoberajúci sa projektom E-temen-an-ki -Sheraton hotel Babylon je súčasťou širšieho monografického výskumu o skupine VAL a jedným z cieľov je formulácia autorskej koncepcie skupiny. Ako jeden z charakteristických motívov v tvorbe skupiny som identifikovala poctu. V rámci výskumu sledujem, akým spôsobom je použitá v jednotlivých projektoch v priebehu času. Projekt Sheraton hotel Babylon je datovaný do osemdesiatych rokov a začiatku rokov deväťdesiatych, pričom skupina začala spoločne tvoriť od začiatku rokov sedemdesiatych. V príspevku je pocta ako jeden z nástrojov tvorby skupiny a ich konkrétne stvárnenie Babylonskej veže konfrontované s rôznymi úvahami o význame veže v priebehu času. Spôsob odpovede skupiny VAL na tento fenomén umožňuje otvoriť otázku zaradenia projektu do kontextu histórie architektúry, prípadne prehodnotenia významu tvorby skupiny.