Kaali Institute

Likovi u komedijama nisu psihološki razrađeni karakteri, nego tipovi fiksnih karakternih obilježja. Često predstavljaju utjelovljenje jedne jedine osobine i to mane, zbog čega ih gledatelji doživljavaju kao veoma pojednostavnjene i ne baš realne, a glumcu predstavljaju velik izazov. Lutkarsko kazalište naprotiv kazalište je simbola i metafora. Njemu ne treba fina psihološka karakterizacija, ono rado barata tipovima i zbog toga je upravo idealno za izvođenje farsi i komedija. Iako hrvatska lutkarska kazališta nisu bila zainteresirana za postavljanje Molièreovih komedija, hrvatska je publika neke od njih ipak imala priliku vidjeti na PIF-u (međunarodnom festivalu kazališta lutaka u Zagrebu). Gostovale su predstave Molière (premijera 1998.) u izvedbi Stuffed Puppet Theatrea iz Nizozemske, Don Juan (1995.) u izvedbi Kazališta figura KONJ iz Slovenije, Umišljeni bolesnik (1998.), predstava koju je hrvatski umjetnik Zlatko Bourek realizirao u Lutkarskom kazalištu Ljubljana, te Škrtac (2003.) u izvedbi lutkarske družine Tàbola Rassa iz Španjolske. Ta posljednja lutkarski je osobito zanimljiva jer Harpagon umjesto zlata kao najveće blago skuplja vodu. Zbog toga spava u kadi, da spriječi eventualne zloporabe, a kad svojom tvrdoćom rasplače vlastitu kćer, hita da skupi svaku njezinu suzu kako ne bi propala nijedna kap dragocjene tekućine. Zato su lutke koje predstavljaju likove te predstave napravljene od različitih slavina, samo s dodatkom tkanine. Naizgled jednostavno, a scenski vrlo efektno i dramaturški opravdano.

BackgroundA genetic schizophrenia (Scz) mouse model has impaired hippocampal-prefrontal synchrony during spatial working memory (Sigurdsson et al., 2000, Nature). These Df(16)A(+/-) mice (models of the human 22q11.2 microdeletion) have impaired mPFC phase coupling to hippocampal theta (1–8 Hz) oscillations, which predicts performance. This deficit has never been demonstrated in human Scz subjects, however, and its mechanistic basis is unclear.Methods18 Scz (8 unmedicated) and 26 age, gender and IQ-matched controls performed a spatial memory task whilst undergoing magnetoencephalography (MEG), and a ‘memory integration’ task dependent on hippocampal function (without MEG). A partly overlapping group of 33 Scz and 29 controls underwent positron emission tomography (PET) to measure the availability of GABAARs expressing the α5 subunit (concentrated on hippocampal somatostatin interneurons).ResultsWe demonstrate – in the spatial memory task, during memory recall – that theta power increases in left medial temporal lobe (mTL) are impaired in Scz, as is theta phase coupling between mPFC and mTL. Importantly, the latter cannot be explained by theta power changes, head movement, antipsychotics, cannabis use, or IQ, and is not found in other frequency bands. Moreover, mPFC-mTL theta coupling correlated strongly with performance in controls, but not in Scz, who were mildly impaired at the spatial memory task and no better than chance on the memory integration task. Use of antipsychotic medication may ameliorate this mPFC-HC theta coupling deficit. Finally, mTL regions showing reduced theta phase coupling in Scz MEG participants overlapped substantially with areas of diminished α5-GABAAR availability in the wider Scz PET sample.DiscussionThese results indicate that impaired theta phase coupling between hippocampus and mPFC could underlie hippocampal-prefrontal dysconnectivity in schizophrenia, and impairments in the cognitive domains that depend on communication between these areas. They also imply α5-GABAARs (and the cells that express them) have a role in the phase coupling process.

The monetary authorities are trying to be effective on the real economy with their monetary policies. Monetary policies affect economic activities through monetary transmission mechanism. In the literature, it is seen that monetary policy transmission channels are gathered under five different headings as interest rate channel, asset prices channel, exchange rate channel, credit channel and expectation channel. In order for the monetary authorities to reach their desired targets on economic activities, it is important to determine which transmission channel operate effectively. In this study, the effectiveness of the bank credit channel in Turkey, vector autoregression (VAR) with the help of the method, 2011: 01-2018: 12 period were analyzed using monthly data. The findings of the analysis show that the bank credit channel in Turkey is effective.

This white paper is motivated by open questions in star formation, which can be uniquely addressed by high resolution X-ray imaging and require an X-ray observatory with large collecting area along good spectral resolution. A complete census of star-forming regions in X-rays, combined with well matched infrared (IR) data, will advance our understanding of disk survival times and dissipation mechanisms. In addition, we will be able to directly observe the effects of X-ray irradiation on circumstellar grain growth to compare with grain evolution models in both high- and low-UV environments. X-rays are native to stars at all phases of star formation and affect planet-forming disks especially through flares. Moreover, X-rays trace magnetic fields which weave through the flares, providing a unique, non-gravitational feedback mechanism between disk and star. Finally, the bright X-ray emission emanating from hot plasma associated with massive stars can have large scale impacts on the topology of star-forming regions and their interface with the interstellar medium (ISM).

In vitro fertilization has been available for over 3 decades. Its use is becoming more widespread worldwide, and in the developed world, up to 5% of children have been born following IVF. It is estimated that over 5 million children have been conceived in vitro. In addition to giving hope to infertile couples to have their own family, in vitro fertilization has also introduced risks as well. The risk of multiple gestation and the associated maternal and neonatal morbidity/mortality has increased significantly over the past few decades. While stricter transfer policies have eliminated the majority of the high-order multiples, these changes have not yet had much of an impact on the incidence of twins. A twin pregnancy can be avoided by the transfer of a single embryo only. However, the traditionally used method of morphologic embryo selection is not predictive enough to allow routine single embryo transfer; therefore, new screening tools are needed. Time-lapse embryo monitoring allows continuous, non-invasive embryo observation without the need to remove the embryo from optimal culturing conditions. The extra information on the cleavage pattern, morphologic changes and embryo development dynamics could help us identify embryos with a higher implantation potential. These technologic improvements enable us to objectively select the embryo(s) for transfer based on certain algorithms. In the past 5-6 years, numerous studies have been published that confirmed the safety of time-lapse technology. In addition, various markers have already been identified that are associated with the minimal likelihood of implantation and others that are predictive of blastocyst development, implantation potential, genetic health and pregnancy. Various groups have proposed different algorithms for embryo selection based on mostly retrospective data analysis. However, large prospective trials are needed to study the full benefit of these (and potentially new) algorithms before their introduction into daily practice can be recommended.

There is growing observational evidence that disk evolution is stellar-mass dependent. Here, we show that these dependencies extend to the atomic and molecular content of disk atmospheres. We analyze a unique dataset of high-resolution Spitzer/IRS spectra from 8 very low-mass star and brown dwarf disks. We report the first detections of Ne+, H2, CO2, and tentative detections of H2O toward these faint and low-mass disks. Two of our [NeII] 12.81 micron emission lines likely trace the hot (>5,000 K) disk surface irradiated by X-ray photons from the central stellar/sub-stellar object. The H2 S(2) and S(1) fluxes are consistent with arising below the fully or partially ionized surface traced by the [NeII] emission, in gas at about 600 K. We confirm the higher C2H2/HCN flux and column density ratio in brown dwarf disks previously noted from low-resolution IRS spectra. Our high-resolution spectra also show that the HCN/H2O fluxes of brown dwarf disks are on average higher than those of T Tauri disks. Our LTE modeling hints that this difference extends to column density ratios if H2O lines trace warm > 600 K disk gas. These trends suggest that the inner regions of brown dwarf disks have a lower O/C ratio than those of T Tauri disks which may result from a more efficient formation of non-migrating icy planetesimals. A O/C=1, as inferred from our analysis, would have profound implications on the bulk composition of rocky planets that can form around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs.

Using oocyte donation cycles as an ideal model, we sought to compare pregnancy and implantation rates in cleavage stage (day 3) versus blastocyst stage (day 6) embryo transfers (ET); assess the predictive value of blastocyst formation rates based on cleavage cell stage and morphology grade; and evaluate the ability to predict formation of high quality (HQ) blastocysts. Ninety three consecutive oocyte donation cycles from July 2003 to August 2005 were retrospectively evaluated and analyzed to determine if either resulted in a cleavage stage (n = 30) or blastocyst (n = 45) ET. The primary outcomes measured pregnancy rates, the percent development of HQ blastocysts based on day 3 embryo status, and the ability to select day 3 embryos suitable for transfer among four blinded evaluators by assessing their day 6 embryo outcome. Cleavage stage ET resulted in significantly lower pregnancy rates, clinical pregnancy rates, and implantation rates (47% [n = 14/30]; 40% [n = 12/30] and 27 + or - 7%) compared to blastocyst stage (82% [n = 37/45]; 73% [n = 33/45] and 64 + or - 6% [+ or -SE], P < 0.01). In total, HQ blastocysts resulted from high and good quality day 3 embryos 35% (191/546) and 17% (93/546), respectively. Blinded evaluation revealed at least one, two or all three day 3 embryos were correctly selected for ET on day 6, 97%, 67% and 19%, respectively. Day 6 ET resulted in significantly better clinical outcomes compared to day 3 ET. While day 3 status is not predictive of blastocyst quality, the selection of at least one day 3 embryo ultimately suitable for blastocyst ET underscores the significance of optimal endometrial receptivity.