Kalmyk State University

This study aims to determine the influence of the two stay two stray cooperative model on the learning outcomes of grade IV students in science learning at SDN 6 Sungai Raya. This study uses a quantitative method of the Quasi experiment design type with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study, namely class IVA as the experimental class consisting of 20 students and class IVB as the control class consisting of 16 students with a total of 36 students. The sample in this study were students of class IVA (experimental class) and IVB (control class) of SDN 6 Sungai Raya. In collecting samples using purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique used in this study used observation and tests. The collection technique used test questions and observation sheets. Hypothesis testing using the t-test formula (independent sample test) with the results of the Independent t Test showing that the use of the two stray two stay type cooperative learning model has a significant impact on student learning outcomes in science lessons with a significance value of 0.034, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted because the sig. value (2-tailed) with a significance of 0.034 is smaller than 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is an influence in the use of the two stay two stray type cooperative model on the learning outcomes of class IV science lessons at SDN 6 Sungai Raya.

The ecological state is understood as a qualitative assessment of water bodies based on the calculated value of the chemical pollution Index (CPI-10) for ten elements exceeding the MPC for fishery water bodies (MPCfw). Thirty-eight water samples taken from the five largest water bodies of Kalmykia at the same points in 2013, 2015, and 2023 have been analyzed for 70 chemical substances. Sixteen pollutants of hazard classes 3–4 have proven to be the main pollutants. The most common elements in the samples are sulfur, manganese, strontium, magnesium, copper, boron, sodium, and vanadium. The sulfur content has the maximum excess of MPCfw. The group of chemical elements of hazard classes 1–2 with excess of MPCfw in all samples is represented by beryllium, molybdenum, lead, selenium, and bromine. The exceptionally high total phosphorus levels observed in 2013 and 2015 sharply decreased in all water bodies in 2023. The ecological state of the Chogray and Krasinski drinking water reservoirs, assessed over three years, is classified as “unsatisfactory.” The Deed-Khulsun Reservoir, fed with discharge and drainage water from the Chernozemelskaya Irrigation and Water Supply System, also falls into this category. The ecological state of the Arshan-Zelmen and Tsagan-Nur reservoirs is assessed as “extremely hazardous.”

compulsory enforcement still depends on paper-era assumptions about titles, service, and the mechanics of coercion. This article re-frames electronic enforcement as an interface between substantive civil-law rights (the creditor’s claim, the debtor’s liability, and the civil consequences of abusive measures) and procedural technique (opening the enforcement file, service, and interim restraints). Using a doctrinal and functional comparative method, the study analyses the Egyptian position and contrasts it with the Emirate of Dubai within the UAE federal framework, with particular attention to the 2025 legislative reforms and to the new UAE Civil Transactions Law. It argues that ‘electronic enforcement’ cannot be evaluated by speed alone. A credible system must ensure (i) a verifiable electronic executory title, (ii) a legally meaningful digital domicile for service, (iii) a calibrated toolkit of preliminary measures (freezing, attachment, travel restraint, and related orders) that remains proportionate to the underlying civil right, and (iv) civil liability pathways for wrongful or excessive measures. The article concludes by proposing drafting solutions that connect civil-law concepts (good faith, abuse of right, and the creditor’s general guarantee) with procedural safeguards (traceability, contestability, and judicial control).

Labour market plays a top-priority role in ensuring sustainable social and economic development of the region. In conditions of today’s challenges, such as economic sanctions, global transformations in employment, speeding-up of digitalization and demographic changes the need to adapt regional labour markets is extremely topical. The south of Russia with unique combination of agrarian, industrial and recreation potential is facing a number of specific problems in the field of employment. Labour market of the South Federal District and the North-Caucasian Federal District demonstrate both adaptation opportunities and serious challenges. Lately labour market of the south region shows changes in the structure of demand for work force, unemployment rise in some regions, personnel shortage in leading industries and high migration mobility of people. These factors shall be analyzed comprehensively and effective measures of response shall be elaborated. The goal of the research is to identify key trends and factors influencing labour market in the south of Russia and put forward possible ways of raising its sustainability. The research is based on data of the Federal Service of State Statistics, regional bodies of employment, information and analytical resources and findings of social surveys. The research used methods of economic and statistical analysis to study factor dynamics that characterize labour market and comparative analysis to collate figures of labor market with all-Russian and inter-regional data.

Now a days due to westernization and professionalism shoes are considered as essential component of our day-to-day life which automatically brings foot problems. Especially in a fast-moving world where we spend half of our day on our feet which causes various hygiene related issues. Problems like sweating, fungal infections, foul smell, shoe bite, redness or rashes are still neglected by many of us, whereas herbal foot sprays offer a natural and effective solution to various problems. This article mainly focusses on causes of such issues along with their solutions and detailed medical scheme about foot sprays along with their advantages, disadvantages. These herbal sprays are formulated with the mixture of guaranteed effective herbs and various other essential ingredients which are well known in the line of cosmetics and medicine. They also show various therapeutic effects such as Anti-fungal, Antimicrobial, along with pleasant smell of natural ingredients, they also promote foot health and makes skin of feet moisturized and nourished. This brings great update in the lifestyle of us.

Background.The reduction in the number of some domestic breeds raises concerns among livestock experts. One of the reasons for the reduction in the number of livestock is the lack of purebred bulls, which are able to preserve the breed. Kalmyk breed of cattle is the only ancient aboriginal domestic breed of meat direction. It is kept on year-round pasture keeping, thus on productivity indicators it is not inferior to foreign breeds of meat direction. In this connection preservation and improvement of the gene pool of this breed is important. Kalmyk cattle breed is one of the few indigenous Russian breeds that still possesses unique genetics. Currently, the breed needs to be restored and protected. In order to increase the number and improve the breed qualities of Kalmyk animals, selection is necessary, which should be based on reliable information about the origin of animals and identification of candidate genes marking productive and reproductive qualities. Restoration and improvement of breed qualities of Kalmyk cattle is possible only under the condition of accelerated reproduction of purebred genotyped stock with the use of biotechnological methods in reproduction. The analysis of complex evaluation of animals showed the variability of live weight of bulls-producers and cows in different periods of growth, from 20, 22 kg at birth to 320, 380 kg at 15 months. Evaluation of the genetic structure of the Kalmyk population for meat productivity genes CAPN1, TG5, GH, revealed a high level of homozygous individuals with desirable genotypes, more than 40%. The average level of heterozygous individuals is 30%. The results obtained on the genetic structure of Kalmyk cattle in the Republic of Kalmykia demonstrate a moderate level of genetic diversity and suggest the possibility of restoring a “pure” gene pool. The selected schemes of hormonal polyovulation for the arid breed revealed a high percentage of fertilization (81%) and 92.3% of donor cows responding with superovulation. On average, 8.8% of embryos were obtained per donor, and 5.5% of them were suitable. Thus, the results of research work on the use of biotechnological methods in reproduction of indigenous breeds confirm the fact of successful approbation and further utilization of genetic potential of highly valuable animals. Purpose.The aim of the research is to study the way of using biotechnological methods for accelerated improvement of Kalmyk cattle breed. Materials and methods.As part of the research work conducted at Kalmyk University on the use of biotechnological methods in indigenous animal husbandry, the Kalmyk breed of cattle bred in breeding farms of the Republic of Kalmykia served as an object of research. Animals were annually evaluated for purebredity in a complex way. We have processed and analyzed the data on animals: primary accounting on productivity indicators, genealogical affiliation (data of 33,135 heads, year of birth 2014-2023 were studied). When analyzing the complex evaluation, we relied on the methodology of evaluating the breeding value of beef cattle, approved by the Eurasian Economic Commission, for further implementation of the evaluation of the breeding value of the Kalmyk breed. Results.Identification of candidate genes associated with qualitative and quantitative indicators of meat were investigated in breeding farms of the Republic of Kalmykia. Population analysis was carried out in steers of Kalmykian breed at the age of 8 months. 1626 heads were studied and live weight of young animals was evaluated. The data on genotypes associated with live weight are shown in the diagram. Conclusion.Experimental studies conducted on the experimental herd on the use of biotechnological methods in the reproduction of indigenous breeds have shown the fundamental possibility of using reproductive biotechnology in the reproduction of Kalmyk meat breed. During the research work more than 150 pieced with Kalmyk cattle embryos were received and frozen.

Introduction This study evaluates user perceptions of the Louvre Abu Dhabi (LAD) interactive website, focusing on how digital technologies influence the consumption and interpretation of cultural heritage. Methods The research employed a mixed-method design with 50 participants. It investigated key parameters including usability, content richness, and learning outcomes, specifically examining how digital interactivity supports heritage engagement. The analytical framework extended the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Kano model to a Gulf cultural context. Results Findings revealed consistently high satisfaction across usability and learning dimensions, confirming the site’s effectiveness as a cultural mediation tool. Beyond technical performance, participants described the platform as a gateway to immersive and participatory heritage consumption, where digital storytelling and interactivity foster curiosity and sustained cultural interest. Discussion Thematic analysis identified key development priorities: immersive virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) integration, deeper narrative context, personalized guided itineraries, and stronger social-media outreach. The results suggest that digital heritage features have evolved from optional enhancements to essential components of cultural participation. The study concludes that sustained innovation in immersive design and AI-driven personalization is vital for museums seeking to expand cultural access and learning through digital media.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the national words used in the Russian-language mass media of the Republic of Kalmykia to convey the ethno-cultural component of the publicistic material. The aim of the article is to describe functioning of Kalmyk words in the Russian-language mass media of the Republic of Kalmykia. The material was contexts containing Kalmyk words, extracted by the method of continuous sampling from the publicistic texts posted on the website of RIA "Kalmykia" (riakalm. ru). The methods of lexico-semantic, component, comparative, and distributional analysis were applied in the work. Results. The analysis showed that in the Russian-language mass media of the Republic of Kalmykia, Kalmyk nouns are actively used, naming a place, event, person, organization, objects; common names denoting specific concepts and realities of the Kalmyk culture; adverbs (hamdan, uralan) and adjective (tsagan), which are included in composite nominations. Background and non-equivalent vocabulary from the Kalmyk language, as well as linguistic means with an emotionally colored connotation associated with Kalmyk culture, form the national cultural component of the publication. Conclusions. National units, most of which relate to nouns, do not violate the graphical, grammatical, and lexico-semantic unity of the Russian-language text. Kalmyk linguistic means perform informational, popularizing, stylistic, emotional and expressive functions in the texts of journalism. In the conditions of narrowing the sphere of application of the Kalmyk language, national words contribute to the formation of national identity and are markers of the cultural code.

This article explores the remnants of the ancient sun worship cult that have persisted within the myths, fairy tales, and ritual practices of the Kalmyk people. The aim of the study is to identify traces of this ancient cult in folklore and ritual traditions, and to determine their symbolic significance in fairy tale narratives and ceremonial actions. The research material includes samples of myths, magical and heroic tales, as well as life-cycle rituals. It is demonstrated that the concept of solar divinity and its influence on earthly existence has formed the foundation for numerous religious and mythological beliefs, traces of which can be found in various aspects of the spiritual and religious life of the Kalmyk people. The article notes that the ancient pre-Buddhist calendar festival of Zul is celebrated during the winter solstice. An analysis of myths, magical tales, and heroic epics reveals significant motifs: (1) with the rising sun, the hero acquires magical objects, wishes are fulfilled, and traces of malevolent forces are revealed; (2) when embarking on a journey, fairy tale characters invariably begin their movement “following the sun,” that is, in the direction of the sun’s path, which is associated with a steadfast belief in the successful completion of their endeavors. It is shown that the ancient concept of celestial divinity manifests in endowing the fairy tale hero with solar attributes.