Kamehameha Schools

Patient safety is one of the vital disciplines in the medical field, in addition to that, the healthcare workers' safety and protection are also critical, preventing the dissemination and transmission of infectious diseases such as bacterial infections of Staphylococci, Streptococci, Mycobacterium spp, and other viruses such as Hepatitis B virus, is a critical thing that must be implemented in all healthcare settings, and dental settings specifically, so, achieving many methods to prevent infections and contamination from occurrence and dissemination is so crucial nowadays specifically with the spread of COVID-19 viral infections, several approaches such as Personal Protective Equipment, sterilization, disinfection, and immunization were done to prevent infections and keep patients and healthcare workers, such as dentists, health good. This review discusses the mean infection control approaches from healthcare professionals and dental settings as well as the ways to protect dentists and patients from any infectious diseases in the healthcare dental settings in an effective way.

<h3>Objective:</h3> To investigate the relationship between exercise modalities, intensities, and patterns following TBI and recovery, and to identify health inequities and barriers to recovery that may negatively impact recovery. <h3>Background:</h3> Recommendations on return-to-exercise post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain controversial. This study surveyed Hawaii’s diverse population to identify trends in exercise and recovery for TBI patients to shape recommendations on return-to-exercise. This study also aimed to identify health inequities and factors contributing to different outcomes, allowing inequities to be addressed. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Retrospective review of 100 patients diagnosed with TBI between January 2020 and January 2022 was performed. Variables collected include demographics, etiologies, and symptoms at diagnosis. Self-generated phone surveys were completed to evaluate exercise patterns post-TBI and barriers to recovery. Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio. <h3>Results:</h3> Patients who recovered within two years displayed similar exercise patterns to patients who took longer than two years. Exercise frequency, intensity, and duration did not differ significantly (p=0.75, p=0.51, p=0.80, respectively). Hiking/walking for exercise was more common in the long recovery group (p=0.018), likely reflecting advanced age compared to the short recovery group (50 vs. 39 years old, p=0.003). Otherwise, exercise modalities did not differ significantly. Additionally, no correlation exists between exercise intensity and symptom change (p=0.920), suggesting patients exhibit exercise patterns suitable for their specific condition. Finally, when comparing TBI recovery resources accessed across races or insurance types, Caucasian patients and individuals with private insurance utilized the most resources (p=0.032). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Return-to-exercise does not appear to be a predictor for TBI recovery. If encouraged to exercise post-TBI, patients will self-regulate a regimen not likely exacerbating their symptoms or recovery time, thus it may be suitable to recommend return-to-exercise as tolerated. The study also found worrying inequitable trends in TBI recovery resources accessed, and these disparities should be further investigated to rectify this issue. <b>Disclosure:</b> Mr. Weldon has nothing to disclose. Mr. Nakamura has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Hawaii Health &amp; Harm Reduction Center. Miss Van has nothing to disclose. Ms. Nakamura has nothing to disclose. Mr. Law has nothing to disclose. Mr. Goo has nothing to disclose. Ms. Roman has nothing to disclose. Enrique Carrazana has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Neurelis. Enrique Carrazana has received personal compensation in the range of $100,000-$499,999 for serving as a Consultant for Neurelis, Alexza, Zogenix. Enrique Carrazana has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an officer or member of the Board of Directors for Hawaii-Biotech, CND Life Sciences. Enrique Carrazana has stock in Neurelis, Marinus, . Dr. Viereck has nothing to disclose. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from UCB. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from Livanova. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from Biogen. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from Novartis. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from Eisai. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from Engage Therapeutics. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from SK Lifescience. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from Cerevel. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from Xenon. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from NeuroDerm. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from Avanir. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from Annovis. The institution of Dr. Liow has received research support from Acadia.

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder characterized by airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. Prevalence has continued to climb in recent decades as Western food habits have become more popular. <strong>Methods:</strong> We searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus (January 2000--October 2022) for randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effects of diet in adults with asthma. <strong>Results:</strong> Among the 12,215 studies that were searched, only 12 were included. Obese people with asthma may benefit from a drop in weight of at least 7.5% from baseline due to calorie restriction. The influence of a diet high in items with putative antioxidant effect on asthma management was small and not clinically significant. Antioxidant supplements studies have shown positive results, with magnesium supplementation improving asthma management and vitamin C supplementation slowing the decrease of lung function. Studies on the impact of fatty acid supplementation on weight reduction, asthma management, and lung function all showed positive results. Propolis and caffeine have been shown to significantly improve lung function in clinical trials. But the opposite was found in research on high salt diets and lung function reductions. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> For individuals who are overweight and suffer from asthma, the optimal dietary strategy seems to be calorie restriction rather than focusing on individual food groups.

<strong>Background:</strong>Evidence-based treatment and service design should reflect the perspectives of parents with eating disorders among their children on useful parts of care, but there is a lack of data to do so.This research aimed in assessing the effects of eating disorders that are prevailing among children in a detailed perspective. <strong>Methods:</strong>This research work involved following a cross-sectional approach of study and therefore included collecting first-hand data. This was accomplished through the conduction of the survey and data that are considered through the conduction of the survey are quantitative in nature. This would help in enhanced perception of the eating disorders that are prevailing in children. The method that would be employed for considering the size of the sample is stratified random sampling. The survey involved conducting a survey of children who falls within the age range of 10-17years of age. <strong>Results:</strong> The study included 572 children. Most of parents are concerned about the change in the eating disorder among their children (n= 420, 73.4%). Most of parents believe that eating habits can affect the rising in eating disorders (n= 486, 85%). Furthermore, parents think that reducing oily and junk food may help in minimizing eating disorders among their children (n= 456, 79.7%). Their most frequent answer was loss of appetite (n= 241, 42.1%). Figure 1 shows the distribution of parents answers. In addition, parents responded that it is minimal painful to lead a life with an excessively heavyweight (n= 228, 39.9%). They answered low-carbohydrate content food with no sugar (n= 253, 44.2%) while green vegetables came in the second place (n= 209, 36.5%) followed by fruits (n= 110, 19.2%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong>The studys findings revealed that the most common symptom reported by youngsters with eating disorders was a decrease in appetite. Parents said it hurt just somewhat to have to care for an overweight child all the time. The ideal option, according to parents, is meals with minimal carbohydrate content and no added sugar. According to parent reports, a healthy diet is the most effective weapon against childhood eating problems.

The value of land-use strategies that increase food production while conserving biodiversity is widely recognized. Many indigenous agroecosystems are productive, adaptive and ecologically principled, but are largely overlooked by planning in terms of their potential to meet current and future food needs. We developed spatial distribution models of indigenous agroecosystems in Hawai‘i to identify their potential past distribution, productive and carrying capacities, and future potential under current land-use and mild-to-severe future climate scenarios. Our results suggest that Hawaiʻi’s traditional agroecosystems could have had production levels comparable to consumption today. Carrying capacity estimates support hypotheses of large pre-colonial Hawaiian populations (>800,000). Urban development has reduced (−13%) traditional agroecosystems but 71% remain agriculturally zoned. Projected effects of three future climate scenarios vary from no change in potential production to decreases of 19% in the driest and warmest end-of-century scenario. This study highlights the food-producing potential of indigenous agriculture even under land-use and climate changes, and the value of their restoration into the future. Indigenous agroecosystems often balance food production with environmental concerns better than industrial approaches, but they are rarely considered for meeting modern food needs. This study uses spatial models and climate scenarios to find indigenous production in Hawaiʻi’s past could meet significant population demands then and, potentially, now, but with lower capacity in the warmest end-of-century scenario.

Research in culturally responsive instruction (CRI) to improve literacy learning was explored through study of Hawaiian-focused charter schools. Building on work by Au, an indigenous framework reflecting the work of these schools was developed, highlighting five elements: (a) literacy in indigenous languages; (b) community connections; (c) a shared vision that encompasses culture, academic proficiency, and community; (d) authentic assessment; and (e) teaching grounded in culture and higher level thinking. Schools implemented CRI in an outward-looking, action-oriented manner and literacy was viewed as a means of serving community, not as an end in itself. Schools emphasized CRI as content, in contrast to earlier research with Native Hawaiian students that viewed CRI as process. CRI centered on exploration of cultural identity as the basis for gaining cultural knowledge of one’s ancestors, as well as Western academic knowledge for the purpose of contributing to the well-being of family, community, and nation.

Declining natural resources have led to a cultural renaissance across the Pacific that seeks to revive customary ridge-to-reef management approaches to protect freshwater and restore abundant coral reef fisheries. Effective ridge-to-reef management requires improved understanding of land-sea linkages and decision-support tools to simultaneously evaluate the effects of terrestrial and marine drivers on coral reefs, mediated by anthropogenic activities. Although a few applications have linked the effects of land cover to coral reefs, these are too coarse in resolution to inform watershed-scale management for Pacific Islands. To address this gap, we developed a novel linked land-sea modeling framework based on local data, which coupled groundwater and coral reef models at fine spatial resolution, to determine the effects of terrestrial drivers (groundwater and nutrients), mediated by human activities (land cover/use), and marine drivers (waves, geography, and habitat) on coral reefs. We applied this framework in two ‘ridge-to-reef’ systems (Hā‘ena and Ka‘ūpūlehu) subject to different natural disturbance regimes, located in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Our results indicated that coral reefs in Ka‘ūpūlehu are coral-dominated with many grazers and scrapers due to low rainfall and wave power. While coral reefs in Hā‘ena are dominated by crustose coralline algae with many grazers and less scrapers due to high rainfall and wave power. In general, Ka‘ūpūlehu is more vulnerable to land-based nutrients and coral bleaching than Hā‘ena due to high coral cover and limited dilution and mixing from low rainfall and wave power. However, the shallow and wave sheltered back-reef areas of Hā‘ena, which support high coral cover and act as nursery habitat for fishes, are also vulnerable to land-based nutrients and coral bleaching. Anthropogenic sources of nutrients located upstream from these vulnerable areas are relevant locations for nutrient mitigation, such as cesspool upgrades. In this study, we located coral reefs vulnerable to land-based nutrients and linked them to priority areas to manage sources of human-derived nutrients, thereby demonstrating how this framework can inform place-based ridge-to-reef management.

We use Hawaiian methods of knowledge production to weave together contemporary and historical instances of Kanaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) political resistance to U.S. imperialism and settler colonialism. Our departure point is the summer of 2014, when hundreds of Kānaka came forward to assert unbroken Hawaiian sovereignty and reject a U.S. Department of Interior (DOI) proposal to create a pathway for federal recognition of a reorganized Native Hawaiian governing entity. This essay situates testimonies from these hearings within a longer genealogy of Kanaka assertions of “ea” (sovereignty, life, breath) against the prolonged U.S. military occupation of Hawai'i that began in 1898 and extends to the present.

In this chapter, we explore the history and cultural context of an important but little studied population in higher education, Native Hawaiians. On an applied level, the study of Native Hawaiian access and success in higher education may help to better document their condition and suggest useful ways for closing the durable gaps in attainment. On a theoretical level, the study of Native Hawaiians in education allows us to check assumptions about the generalizability of our existing models of access and success. This study also provides an opportunity to explore the utility of existing areas of critical theory built around Asian and Native American populations, in particular. We call attention to the need for systematic efforts to develop meaningful data and research on Native Hawaiian experiences in postsecondary education.

We optimize groundwater management in the presence of marine consequences of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Concern for marine biota increases the optimal steady‐state head level of the aquifer. The model is discussed in general terms for any coastal groundwater resource where SGD has a positive impact on valuable nearshore resources. Our application focuses on the Kona Coast of Hawai‘i, where SGD is being actively studied and where both nearshore ecology and groundwater resources are serious sociopolitical issues. To incorporate the consequences of water extraction on nearshore resources, we impose a safe minimum standard for the quantity of SGD. Efficient pumping rates fluctuate according to various growth requirements on the keystone marine algae and different assumptions regarding recharge rates. Desalination is required under average recharge conditions and a strict minimum standard and under low recharge conditions regardless of minimum standards of growth.