Kamskij State Institute of Physical Culture

BackgroundAcute low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide. While clinical guidelines offer general management strategies, real-world evidence on nerve block therapy for acute low back pain in primary care remains limited.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, multicenter observational cohort study at 19 private pain clinics in Japan from June 2021 to March 2022. Patients with acute low back pain onset within the past seven days were enrolled and followed for seven days. Clinical decisions, including nerve block administration, were made at the physician’s discretion. Patient-reported outcomes were collected via web- or paper-based questionnaires and compared between patients who received nerve block injections and those who did not. The primary outcome was the change in Pain Disability Assessment Scale (PDAS) scores from baseline to Day 3; secondary outcomes included PDAS changes on Day 7 and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for seven consecutive days. Multivariable regression models were used to adjust for confounding factors.ResultsA total of 567 patients were analyzed (523 injected; 44 non-injected). Among patients with baseline PDAS scores ≥ 45, those who received injections showed significantly greater improvement on Day 3. The mean differences (95％ confidence interval (CI) ) in PDAS scores were -6.42 (-12.48 to -0.36) (P = 0.038) at a baseline score of 45, -11.95 (-21.35 to -2.55) (P = 0.013) at 50, and -17.54 (-31.01 to -4.07) (P = 0.011) at 55. VAS scores were significantly lower in patients with the injection on Day 1 (mean difference (95% CI): -0.70 (-1.37 to -0.04)) and Day 3 (-0.76 (-1.44 to -0.08)), with no significant differences beyond Day 3.ConclusionNerve block therapy was associated with faster pain relief and earlier functional improvement in acute low back pain patients, particularly among those with greater baseline disability. These findings provide meaningful real-world evidence. Given the observational design and the fact that treatment decisions were made at the discretion of attending physicians, there remains a potential for selection bias. Further well-designed studies are needed to validate these findings and guide optimal treatment strategies for acute low back pain.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of multimodal analgesia with single-modality and standard care in reducing pain and anxiety and improving patient satisfaction among women undergoing colposcopy-directed cervical biopsy. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chitral Scouts Hospital, from October 2023 to July 2024. A total of 370 women aged 18–50 years with recurrent cervicitis were randomized into three groups: Control (standard care, n = 123), Single-modality (local infiltration with 2% lidocaine, n = 123), and Multimodal (oral etoricoxib 120 mg one hour before procedure + local lidocaine infiltration + non-pharmacological support including forced cough and verbal reassurance, n = 124). Pain intensity was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0–10) before, during, and 15 minutes after biopsy. Anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and satisfaction was rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, with ANOVA and Chi-square tests; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable among groups (p > 0.05). Intra-procedural pain scores were significantly lower in the Multimodal group (2.3 ± 0.9) than in Single-modality (4.5 ± 1.2) and Control groups (6.8 ± 1.4) (p < 0.001). Post-procedure pain showed a similar pattern (1.5 ± 0.7 vs. 2.9 ± 0.8 and 4.1 ± 1.0, p < 0.001). The Multimodal group also reported lower anxiety scores (34.2 ± 6.5, p = 0.004), higher satisfaction (91.9%, p < 0.001), and greater willingness for repeat biopsy (87.9%, p < 0.001). Mild adverse effects were comparable across groups (p = 0.65). Conclusion: Multimodal analgesia significantly reduced pain and anxiety while improving satisfaction without increasing side effects. It is a safe and effective approach for outpatient cervical biopsies in women with recurrent cervicitis.

The processes in polymer films based on polypropylene containing fluorinated additives during modification of films in corona discharge plasma are studied. The chemical composition, relief, adhesion and deformation properties of the film surface before and after modification in plasma were studied using the methods of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. It has been established that in films under the influence of corona discharge plasma migration of the fluoropolymer additive to the surface occurs. In this case, the chemical composition and structure of the film changes, and local structures containing oxygen, fluorine and carbon atoms are formed on the surface. Local structures have an electrical resistance that is different from the electrical resistance of the surface of the original film. Plasma modification leads to an improvement in the elastic and adhesive properties of the polypropylene film surface.

Abstract Gender equality significantly is an excellent challenge in many countries of Asia, where customs (traditional norms) and laws (Legislative codification of customs) both are in favour of men and squeeze women's rights and opportunities. Personal laws, which generally deal with areas like marriage, divorce, succession, inheritance, adoption and other family matters, are often blamed on deeply rooted gender biases. In this research paper, the researcher has tried to discover the state's role in shaping gender equality through legislative and judicial actions in developing Asian countries. This research particularly emphasises the need for reforms in the pluralist legal framework of these countries. It is argued that on the one hand, if personal laws should respect cultural and religious diversity, then on the other hand, they must also be reformed to ensure gender equality. With the help of case studies across Asian countries, especially India, Indonesia, and Pakistan, the paper highlights the conflict between religious traditions and the principles of gender equity. It suggests pathways for legal reform that may harmonize pluralism with equality.

Bone is metabolically active tissue where bone formation and bone resorption processes occur throughout life.Bone mass consists of osteoid, mineral component, and bone cells.Bone mineralization is regulated by mineral availability, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, growth hormone, growth factors, and vitamin D, among others.During pregnancy, fetal skeletal development is influenced by endocrine, environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors.Advances have been made in understanding the role of enzymes, transcription factors, signaling molecules, and epigenetic mechanisms in bone metabolism.Genetic factors, such as mutations in genes COL1A1, COL1A2, LGR4, LGR6, PTK2B, WNT1, PLS3, xYLT2, SOST, WNT16, ESR1, and RANKL, Sox9, RUNx2, osterix, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, PTH, PTHLH, and PTHR1, play an important role in osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and maintenance.Preterm infants, malnourished or severely ill newborns, those treated with corticosteroids or diuretics, and those lacking mechanical bone growth stimulation are at risk of metabolic bone disease.Management of metabolic bone disease is based on identifying risk factors and quantitatively assessing mineral bone density using radiological and biochemical methods.Treatment involves avoiding risk factors, optimizing nutrition, and the possibility of using medications targeting signaling pathways to increase bone formation or prevent degradation, some of which have been already used in children.

BACKGROUND: In the process of developing suspension systems for modern high-speed wheeled and tracked vehicles, having the selected optimal elastic characteristic curve of the suspension system, its unsatisfactory damping characteristic curve can have a significant negative impact on the overall operation of the suspension unit. Therefore, the search for a method for obtaining the optimal damping characteristic curve is a relevant task. AIMS: Description the method for selecting the damping characteristic curve of a single-level pneumohydraulic spring for a wheeled vehicle considering the motion along tracks with a harmonic profile and a rough cobblestone road. METHODS: The damping characteristic curve of the spring is selected using simulation mathematical modeling in the MATLAB/Simulink software, which makes it possible to take into account the nonlinearity of the suspension characteristics. In the process of building the characteristic curve, the limit values of the forces at the front wheels tires are fixed for the sections of the characteristic curve that operate with the valves of the pneumohydraulic spring turned off. Accelerations at the driver's seat and the pressure in the spring chamber are fixed for the sections of the characteristic curve that operate with the valves are turned on. RESULTS: The results of the selection of an optimized damping characteristic curve showed an improved contact of the wheels with the surface and an increase in the stability of the vehicle, a decrease in vibration accelerations at low disturbance frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of using this method to develop suspension systems for new wheeled and tracked vehicles.

Diamondlike coatings (DLC) have many advantages over other materials used in automotive construction, where at present new developments of highly loaded assemblies face the phenomena of resource reduction due to rapid wear of friction pairs. In the automotive industry, reducing fuel consumption by decreasing friction and wear plays an important role in ensuring the energy efficiency of machinery. To increase the efficiency, it is necessary to develop coatings with a low friction factor and high wear resistance. This paper discusses DLC properties and advantages in order to develop and apply new wear-resistant coatings on heavy truck parts.

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the unresolved problem of failures of automobile engines, in particular, modern mass-produced engines of the KAMAZ-740.10, 7403 families, due to cranking of the connecting rod bearings, and the need for deeper studies of the processes and phenomena that lead to them, and the development of solutions that exclude them in operation. The purpose of the study is to ensure the reliability of automobile engines by reducing the risk of crankshaft connecting rod bearings turning in operation by developing a method for studying their shape change and applying it when substantiating and implementing various design, technological and operational solutions. A prototype is described and a developed method and device for determining the clearance in a connecting rod bearing, suitable for studying the formation of connecting rod bearings under engine test bench conditions. The prototype was a differential-type pneumatic device used in active control devices for honing cylinder liners. With the use of the described device, a method for studying the formation of connecting rod bearings under the conditions of bench tests of KAMAZ-740.10 diesel engines was developed and tested. The use of new methods, devices and techniques makes it possible to investigate the patterns of shape changes of connecting rod bearings in relation to lubrication conditions, temperature and load conditions of the engine, and other factors. The presented experimental results show that the gap in the connecting rod bearing is not stable, is caused not only by wear, but also by the resulting deflection of the liner, and significantly depends on the temperature regime of the engine - with an increase in oil temperature, the gap decreases due to an increase in deflection. The authors explain the formation of deflection and shape change of the liners by the loss of its stability from the action of loads and internal stresses under conditions of instability of the oil supply. The results of experimental studies presented in the article have a scientific novelty, since a previously undescribed and not fixed decrease in the gap due to the deflection of the liners, which is formed immediately from the start of operation after the engine is assembled, is established, and its value is variable and determined by the temperature regime. Practical significance – the developed method makes it possible to study the formation patterns of crankshaft connecting rod bearings to test the effectiveness of design, technological and operational solutions to prevent their turning during the operation of an automobile engine. The main directions of promising research is the substantiation of practical solutions to ensure the stability of the shape of the liners during long-term operation of the engine.

Abstract—Comparative data on the safety factor of parts made of grade 45, 40Kh, 12KhN3A, and St. 6ps steels hardened according to various technological schemes are presented. The use of 40Kh steel is proposed for the manufacture of ball pins for a car. A technology of heat treatment of workpieces with the use of polymer aqueous solutions for quenching is described. A technology of surface hardening of parts with high-frequency heating has been developed. The hardened layer depth is recommended in the range 1.5–2.0 mm over the entire surface of the part except for the threaded part. Structural studies and the results of bending tests of the parts are presented. Technologies of thermal hardening of the workpieces and surface hardening of ball pins made of 40Kh steel for a truck have been introduced into production. Durability and high operability of the parts in operation is achieved due to the formation of a heterogeneous structure over the cross section of the part: martensite on the surface and sorbite in the core.

The article presents the results of the actualization of the problem, as well as the development and implementation of a comprehensive improvement program for a car assembly company, which covers all the main activities in accordance with the current quality management system.